CLPA Final Exam Study Guide

Hypothyroidism

Increased TSH

Infection

(2 sided) bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (BCL): think __

Cancer

(1 sided) unilateral cervical lymphadenopathy (UCL): think __

Heart attack

Why are troponins run on a patient in the ER?

Angioedema

What is the side effect that occurs if a patient that was on a beta blocker is switched to an ACE inhibitor and then swelling of the face in the patient is observed?

Muscle Strength Test

What test checks neurological function?

Peripheral neuropathy

Why do we care about __ in diabetic patients? They can’t feel their feet → they are at risk of trauma to the feet → this could lead to future damage/amputation of the feet

Ascites

What is happening when a clinician hits one side of the belly and waves ripple across the other side?

Gout

inflated toe joint

Chronic hypoxia

a condition of prolonged oxygen deficiency in the body, affecting health and function

Liver

Where is albumin produced?

supine

body is horizontal, face upward

Prone

body is horizontal, face downward

Lateral decubitus

body is horizontal, lying on the side

Tredelenberg

supine position with the feet higher than the head

lateral

away from the median plane

medial

toward median plane

ipsilateral

on the same side

contralateral

on the opposite side

Anterior

towards the front of the body

aka ventral

posterior

toward the back of body

aka dorsal

superior

toward the top of the head

inferior

toward soles of feet

cranial nerves

HPI

history of present illness

detailed chronological narrative about the development of the current health problem(s)/symptoms from its onset to the present

CC

chief complaint

the reason the patient is accessing care

Social History

drinking, alcohol, sexual habits, smoking, work history, physical activity, diet, marital status, recreational drugs, home/environmental conditions, spirituality

SOAP

__ note: subjective data, objective data, assessment, plan

Past medication history

information regarding onset, duration, treatment, and outcome of past or currently continuing illnesses

Qualitative

Quantitative

Subjective data

may be provided by someone other than the patient

what the patient tells us

Objective data

any measurable or verifiable information we can collect about a patient

physical exam with vital signs, laboratory tests, radiological studies

Vitals

Anterior

the heart is __ to the spinal column

Amylase and lipase

In acute pancreatitis, these enzymes are elevated

Systolic

atrial valves opening

Diastolic

ventricle valves opening

Diabetes mellitus

What is the condition of a patient with a sugar level of 165?

oncotic pressure

What does albumin do? It keeps __ __ in blood vessels → otherwise, there woould be edema (water leaks)

Post-menopausal women

Which group of females are more likely to get vaginal dryness? __ with decreased estrogen levels

Leukocytosis

high white blood cell count

Stroke

What does hypertension increase the risk of? Coronary artery disease, clots, __

Hypokalemia

could lead muscles in the heart to stop contracting

Hikers, (athletes)

Who is at risk for hyponatremia?

Hyponatremia

low Na+

Cause of hyponatremia

drinking too much water without getting enough sodium

Liver cirrhosis

elevated AST and ALT

(AST:ALT ratio > 1)

Vomiting causes

lack of hydration, decreased K+

Atherosclerosis

causes carotid bruit

Bruit

a swishing sound heard when listening to the carotids

Brain

hyponatremia causes swelling of the __

3 months

HbA1c (Glycosylated hemoglobin) measures the average amount of sugar in your blood over the past __

Insulin, ineffective (inefficient) cells

What is the problem with type 2 diabetes? The body doesn’t respond to __, __ (tired workers)

epidermis, dermis

two primary skin layers

epidermis

superficial layer

consists of 4-5 cellular layers: Come Let’s Get Sun Burned

• stratum corneum

• stratum lucidum

• stratum granulosum

• stratum spinosum

• stratum basale

dermis

deeper layer