modalities quiz 4 (20 and 21)

which of the following is true?

Lower traction forces are needed to elongate soft tissues of the spine than to cause joint distraction

According to Cyriax, traction decreases disc protrusions by

decreasing intradiscal pressure to produce suction and pull displaced parts of the disc back toward the center

In which of the following situations is traction generally ineffective?

Large discal herniations that fill the spinal canal

Spinal traction is appropriate for all of the following EXCEPT

to provide relief from pain directly after a cervical spine fracture.

After the application of traction

the patient should be instructed in good posture and body mechanics.

During traction

positioning the lumbar spine in flexion localizes the force to the upper lumbar and lower thoracic spine. Positioning the cervical spine in flexion localizes the force to the lower cervical area.

Before the application of lumbar spinal traction, the patient should be instructed to prepare for the treatment session by doing which of the following

- use the toilet to empty the bladder.

- avoid eating heavily.

- try to avoid sneezing and coughing.

- all of the above instructions should be given to the patient.

A patient with severe pain who is receiving spinal traction for nerve root impingement experiences complete relief from pain. What should the therapist do next?

Document the outcome, examine the patient, and discontinue spinal traction.

Which of the following parameters is most appropriate for cervical spinal traction to decrease muscle spasm when the patient is being treated for the first time?

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of mechanical traction?

Which of the following is not a disadvantage of mechanical traction?

Does not require the clinician to be with the patient throughout treatment

The clinical indications for the use of spinal traction include all of the following EXCEPT

below-average height.

Which of the following statements is true?

- Traction is a recommended treatment for patients with neurological deficits from spinal nerve root impingement.

- Arm pain caused by cervical nerve root impingement can limit cervical lateral flexion and rotation to the same side.

A patient reports an increase of symptoms with peripheralization down the right arm with mechanical cervical traction. How should the therapist address this finding?

Discontinue the treatment or reduce the traction force and continue treatment if symptoms now improve and no longer peripheralize.

Contraindications to the use of traction include all of the following

- condition in which motion is contraindicated.

- uncontrolled hypertension.

- joint instability.

In patients with osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, or prolonged systemic steroid use

manual traction is more appropriate than mechanical traction

Patients with indications for lumbar traction who also have claustrophobia may be most likely to tolerate:

positional traction.

What is the suggested hold/relax time for treatment of a spinal disc problem with intermittent traction?

60 seconds hold and 20 seconds relax

Which of the following is an advantage of positional traction therapy?

It can be used as part of home therapy when symptoms are severe and irritable.

When applying either constant traction or intermittent traction, the therapist typically does NOT need to document

presence of clicks and other sounds during therapy.

Clinical indications for compression therapy include all of the following

- control of peripheral edema.

- prevent deep venous thrombosis formation.

- shape limb after amputation.

Which is the appropriate ranking for efficacy in reducing edema?

Sequential compression > intermittent compression > static compression

Which of the following is the correct sequence of lymphatic fluid flow in the upper extremities?

From the veins to the interstitial space to the lymphatic capillaries to the subclavian veins back to the venous circulation

Which of the following may result in edema?

- Increased extravasation of fluid into the interstitial space

- Reduced flow of venous blood back toward the heart

- Reduced flow of lymph back toward the heart

In the lymphatic vessels and the veins

forward fluid flow is propelled primarily by muscle contractions and back flow of fluid is prevented by valves within the vessels.

Lymphedema may be caused any of the following:

- hypoproteinemia.

- mechanical obstruction of the lymphatics.

- abnormal distribution of the lymphatic vessels.

Lymphedema from secondary causes include all of the following

- obstruction by a tumor.

- removal of lymph nodes.

- obstruction by inflammation.

Compression reduces edema by

increasing extravascular hydrostatic pressure and circulation.

Deep vein thrombosis formation is most common in

immobilized patients after surgery.

Compression garments used to minimize hypertrophic scarring should provide approximately:

20 to 30 mm Hg of pressure.

Identify the correct combination

High stretch bandage: High resting pressure. Low stretch bandage: High working pressure.

To modify scar formation, compression garments should be worn

24 hours a day, except when bathing.

When should compression garments be replaced?

- About every 6 months

- When there is a change in limb size

When applying intermittent compression pumps to reduce or prevent edema, the therapist should do all of the following

- cover open wounds with gauze or appropriate dressing.

- measure and record blood pressure.

- measure and record limb circumference before and after treatment

For treatment of edema and venous stasis ulcers with intermittent compression pumps, inflation time is generally

greater than deflation time.

Compression with less than 30 mm Hg of force is recommended

to prevent deep vein thrombosis formation in a bed-bound patient.

All of the following are risk factors for DVT formation

- pregnancy.

- varicose veins.

- older age.

Which of the following is a serious complication of DVT formation?

- Pulmonary embolus

- Death

- Post-thrombotic syndrome

Compression facilitates the healing of venous stasis ulcers by

- improving venous circulation.

- reducing venous pooling and reflux.

- improving tissue oxygenation

Under normal circumstances, the ____________ pushing fluid out of the veins is ______________ the _____________ keeping fluid in, resulting in a slight loss of fluid into the interstitial space.

hydrostatic pressure; higher; oncotic pressure