Acids and Bases

Acids

Substances that taste sour, are corrosive, and turn blue litmus paper red.

Bases

Substances that taste bitter, are corrosive, and turn red litmus paper blue.

Universal Indicator

Mixture of indicators changing color based on pH, used for rough pH estimations.

Litmus Paper

pH indicator turning red in acids, blue in bases, and purple in neutral solutions.

pH Probe

Device measuring hydrogen ion concentration in solutions, providing accurate pH readings.

pH Scale

Scale from 0 to 14 measuring acidity (below 7), neutrality (7), and alkalinity (above 7).

Acid-Base Reactions

Acid + Base → Salt + Water, balanced equations showing the reaction.

Testing for Gases

Methods to test for Hydrogen (squeaky pop) and Carbon Dioxide (limewater test).

Making Salts

Steps involving precipitation reactions or reactions between metals/soluble metal oxides and acids.

Arrhenius & Bronsted-Lowry Acids

Definitions of acids based on hydrogen ion concentration or donation.

Strong vs

Differences in dissociation, conductivity, pH values, and corrosiveness.

Molarity/Concentration

Measure of solute amount in a solution, calculated using n = c x V.

Calculating Concentrations

Determining the number of moles and concentration of a substance in a solution.