anatomy final

define receptor

converts sensory stimuli to nerve impulse

what are the two classes of receptors

general and special senses

what are the properties of sensory receptors

tonic and phasic receptors

what are the general senses

temperature, pain, touch, stretch, pressure

what are the special senses

taste, smell, vision, equilibrium, audition

what is adaptation

when prolonged stimuli decreases the action potential

what is the difference between tonic and phasic receptors?

tonic is slowly adaptive, phasic is rapid

define palpebrae

eyelids

what is sclera

whites of eyes

what is the cornea

transparent center in front of iris

what is the iris

pigmented part of eye

what is the pupil

opening in iris

where is the conjunctiva found?

lines sclera and eyelid

what is the function of the conjuctiva

lubricates and moistens eye and supplies sclera with blood vessels

what is the function of lacrimal apparatus

produce tears

what does the lacrimal gland produce

tears

what does the lacrimal puncta do

drains tears

where does the nasolacrimal duct drain

nasal cavity

what is the lens

transparent structure inside eyeball

what does bioconvex mean

curved outward on both sides

how is the lens held in place

suspensory ligaments

function of sclera

provides eye shape

what does the cornea refract

light rays

function of choroid

blood supply

function of ciliary body

lens control

function of iris

pupil control

function of pigmented layer

reinforces light-absorbing properties of choroid

function of neural layer

connects to nerve impulses sense from CN ll

what is optic disc

where optic nerve exits

why is the optic disc the blind spot

contains no photoreceptors

what is macula lutea/fovea centralis

lateral to blind spot, most vision

where is the anterior cavity

between cornea and lens

fluid found in anterior cavity

aqueous humor

where is posterior cavity

between lens and retina

fluid in posterior cavity

vitreous humor

what layer of eye is the pigmented layer of retina

neural

what layer of eye is the ciliary body

vascular

what layer of eye is the fovea centralis

neural

what layer of eye is the sclera

fibrous

what layer of eye is the iris

vascular

what layer of eye is the neural layer of retina

neural

what layer of eye is the choroid

vascular

what layer of eye is the cornea

fibrous

path of light through the eye

cornea, aqueous humor, pupil, lens, vitreous humor, retina, optic nerve

define hearing

detecting sound waves and converting into nerve impulses

define equilibrium

detect position of head

function of auricle

directs sound waves

function of external auditory canal

channels sound

function of tympanic membrane

vibrates sound

what are the auditory ossicles

malleus, incus, stapes

function of auditory ossicles

amplify sound

role of the eustachian tube

connects middle ear to nasopharynx

function of eustachian tube

pressure equalization

function of vestibule

maintain pressure

movement detected in semicircular canals

rotation

function of cochlea

sends nerve impulses to brain

what does the utricle detect

positionw

what does the saccule detect

position

location of cochlear duct

membranous tube inside cochlea

role of cochlear duct in hearing

contains hair cells to transfer sound

what cranial nerve transmits equilibrium information

CN lll

sound conduction pathway

auricle, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, ossicles, oval window, cochlea, hair cells/basilar membrane, cochlear never (CNlll), round window

define anatomical position

feet shoulder width apart, palms open, facing forward

what are the 3 planes

transverse, sagittal, coronal

two variations of sagittal

midsagittal, parasagittal

four kinds of tissues

nervous, connective, muscle, epithelium

how are epithelia classified by layers

one layer is simple, many layers is stratified

how are epithelia classified by shape

flattened is squamous, as tall as wide is cuboidal, taller than wide is columnar

three kinds of muscle tissue

skeletal, cardiac, smooth

3 types of muscle tissues if they are voluntary or involuntary

skeletal is voluntary, cardiac is involuntary, smooth is involuntary

3 types of muscle tissues found where

skeletal is bones, cardiac is heart, smooth is stomach

5 layers of the epidermis in order from superficial to deep

statum corneum, lucidum, granulosoum, spinosum, basale

two layers of the dermis and their decription

papillary dermis (dermal papillae), reticular layer (Secretion glands)

what is the subcutaneous layer

hypodermis, stores fat

what is the diaphysis

cylindrical shaft

what is the medullary cavity

hallow inside of diaphysis, contains yellow marrow

what is the epiphysis

end of bone

what is ossification

formation and development of bone

what is intramembranous ossification

bone growth inside a membranewha

what is endochondral ossification

bone growth within hyaline cartilage

what bones make up the pelvic girdle

ilium, ischium, pubisw

what bones make up the pectoral girdle

scapula and clavicle

define synarthrosis

no movement

define amphiarthrosis

some movement

define diarthrosis

all movement

what are the rotator cuff muscles

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

what structures are included in the CNS

brain and spinal cordwhat structures are included in the CNS

what structures are included in the PNS

spinal nerve and cranium

function of sensory (afferent) nervous system

sends signals to CNS

function of motor (efferent) nervous system

sends signals out CNS

structure of soma

nucleus, integrates stimuli

structure of dendrites

recieves signals and sends to cell body

structure of axon

sends signals from cell body

lobe of primary auditory cortex

temporal

lobe of primary motor cortex

frontall

lobe of primary somatosenory cortex

parietal

lobe of primary gustatory cortex

insula

lobe of primary olfactory cortex

temporal

lobe of primary visual cortex

occipital

what does gray matter of spinal cord contain

nerve cell bodies, unmyelinated axons, supporting cells, interneurons