harmful microbes

True or false: fermentation is the aerobic respiration of yeast.

False; fermentation is anaerobic respiration.

What are the two products of fermentation of yeast?

Ethanol and carbon dioxide.

How are the products of yeast fermentation useful?

Ethanol is used in alcoholic beverages and carbon dioxide is used in baking.

What type of microorganism is used to make cheese?

Bacteria.

What type of microorganism is used to make Quorn?

Fungi (specifically, mycoprotein from Fusarium venenatum).

Who wrote the theory of natural selection?

Charles Darwin.

What is a pathogen?

Any microbe that causes a disease.

What is an infection?

A disease caused by a pathogen.

What does it mean if a person is infectious?

They can pass their infection on to another person.

How can diseases be spread?

Through coughs/sneezing (air), water, food, sexual contact, animals, and touch.

What are some possible symptoms of measles?

High temperature, rash, cough.

What are some possible symptoms of influenza?

High temperature, headache, body aches, cough.

What are some possible symptoms of salmonella?

Vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps.

What are some possible symptoms of athlete's foot?

Itching, burning, and peeling skin.

Why do we experience symptoms during an infection?

Bacteria produce toxins that damage cells; viruses invade and rupture cells; fungi invade tissues and may release toxins.

What are some diseases caused by bacteria?

Tuberculosis, strep throat, and salmonella.

What are some diseases caused by viruses?

Influenza, measles, and COVID-19.

What are some diseases caused by fungi?

Athlete's foot, ringworm, and candidiasis.

What improvements have led to a decrease in deaths caused by microbes since 1905?

Better hygiene, living conditions, medications, antibiotics, and vaccinations.

What was the decrease in deaths per million from 1918 to 1928?

Dropped by 2600 (from 5400 to 2800).