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Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

is a severe, life-threatening gastrointestinal disorder that primarily affects premature and low–birth-weight neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU).

Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC)

It is characterized by inflammation, injury, and varying degrees of necrosis of the intestinal wall, most commonly involving the terminal ileum and proximal colon, although any segment of the gastrointestinal tract may be affected.

Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy (HIE)

 is a serious neurological condition in newborn infants that occurs when the brain does not receive enough oxygen and adequate blood flow for a period of time before, during, or shortly after birth.

Transient tachypnea of the Newborn

is a temporary breathing problem seen in newborn infants, usually caused by delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid after birth.

Transient tachypnea of the Newborn

This leads to rapid breathing and mild respiratory distress. It usually resolves within 24–72 hours after birth

Meconium Aspiration Syndrome (MAS)

 is a neonatal respiratory disorder that occurs when a newborn inhales meconium-stained amniotic fluid before, during, or immediately after birth.

Meconium

the infant’s first intestinal discharge, is a viscous, dark-green substance composed of intestinal epithelial cells, lanugo, mucus, and intestinal secretions such as bile.

Congenital Pulmonary Airway Malformation (CPAM)

is a rare developmental lung disorder present at birth in which abnormal cystic or solid masses form in the lung tissue. These masses arise from abnormal growth of the terminal bronchioles during fetal lung development, resulting in non-functioning lung tissue that does not participate in normal gas exchange.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

also known as neonatal respiratory distress syndrome

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

is a breathing problem that occurs in newborn babies, especially those born prematurely.

Respiratory Distress Syndrome

It happens because the baby’s lungs are not fully developed and do not make enough surfactant, a substance that helps keep the tiny air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs open so that the baby can breathe air easily.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

is a chronic lung disease that primarily affects premature infants, especially those who require prolonged oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation after birth.

Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia

 It develops when the immature lungs of preterm infants are exposed to factors that cause inflammation and injury, such as high oxygen levels, pressure from ventilators, and infections.

Neonatal Sepsis

is a serious and potentially life-threatening systemic infection that occurs in newborn infants within the first 28 days of life.

Neonatal Sepsis

 It happens when harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or fungi enter the newborn’s bloodstream and spread throughout the body, causing inflammation and infection in multiple organs.

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome

is a condition in newborn babies that occurs when they experience withdrawal symptoms after being exposed to opioid drugs or certain medications in the mother’s womb during pregnancy.

Neonatal Pneumonia

An infection of the lungs in a newborn baby caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi. It leads to inflammation in the lungs and can cause difficulty breathing.

Hyperbilirubinemia

A condition where there is too much bilirubin in the blood, causing the baby’s skin and eyes to appear yellow.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

A heart condition in newborns where the ductus arteriosus (a blood vessel) fails to close after birth, causing abnormal blood flow between the aorta and pulmonary artery.

Hyaline Membrane Disease

It happens when a premature baby’s lungs lack surfactant, making it hard for the lungs to expand and causing breathing difficulty.

Hyaline Membrane Disease

Also called Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

An eye disorder in premature infants where abnormal blood vessels grow in the retina, which may lead to vision problems or blindness.

Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn

A condition where the blood pressure in the lungs remains very high after birth, preventing enough oxygen from reaching the baby’s body.

Neonatal Hypoglycemia

A condition where a newborn’s blood sugar level becomes too low, which may affect the brain and body if not treated.

Neonatal Jaundice (Physiologic)

A common condition in newborns where the skin and eyes turn yellow because the baby’s liver is still immature and cannot remove bilirubin efficiently.

Pathologic Jaundice

A more serious type of jaundice that appears within the first 24 hours after birth or when bilirubin levels become dangerously high due to disease, infection, or blood incompatibility.