Chapter 17. Tools

Earliest Tool Use

• Ethiopia, 3.4 Ma

• Herbivore Bones With Butchery Marks

• Looks To Be From A. Afarensis, Same Site As Dikika Baby

Stone Tool Classification

• Mode 1: Flakes & Cores Used, No Precise Shapes Created

• Mode 2: Cores Shaped & Used Symmetrical Faces

• Mode 3: Cores Shaped, Cores & Flakes Used, Re-Touch Common

Mode 1 Industries

• Oldowan

• Lomekwian

Mode 2 Industries

Acheulean

Oldowan Industry: How Were They Made?

Hard-Hammer Percussion

Oldowan Industry: How Were They Used?

• Flakes: Cutting Scraps Of Meat, etc.

• Cores: Crushed To Make Flakes

Oldowan Industry: Who Made & Used Oldowan?

• “Robust” Australopiths

The Acheulean: How Were They Used?

• Long, Sharp, Round Edges Suggest Knife-Like Butchery (Tool Maker Had Design In Mind, Precision Tool Making)

• Microwear Suggest Meat/Plant Processing

The Acheulean: Who Made it And Where Was It Distributed

• 1.8 Ma, Coincides With H. Erectus (Non-Asian/Dmanisi)

• Limited To Africa & South/Western Eurasia

Use Of Tools; Oldowan & Acheulean Tools

• Oldowan Tools: Scraps Of Meat (Flakes) Or Smash Open Bones (Choppers)

• Acheulean Tools: Butchery Tools

Food Resource Types (Easiest → Toughest)

• Collected Foods: Ripe Fruit & Leaves

• Extracted Foods: Protection; Termites, Honey, Nuts

• Hunted Foods: Caught/Trapped; (In)Vertebrates