uf bsc2010 exam 3 hart

Evolution

genetic changes in POPULATIONS over time

Theory of evolution

• supported by evidence

• parsimonious: simplest explanation

• falsifiable: make testable predictions

evidence of evolution

• fossil record

• molecular biology

• comparative anatomy (homologous anatomy)

Darwin’s inspiration

Darwin & Wallace’s natural selection

conditions of darwin’s natural selection

• variation in a trait

• heritable

• higher fitness

process of adaptation

beneficial mutations that evolve through natural selection

How are adaptations constrained

• genetic

• physical

• developmental

• ecological factors

darwin’s 3 conditions for evolution

• population has variation in a trait

• the variation is heritable

• high fitness

heritablity

proportion of total phenotypic variance that is due to genetic factors

gene flow

migration of individuals or movement of gametes

genetic drift

random variation in which alleles get passed to offspring; affect smaller populations, due to random events like getting hit by a car

mutation

selection

non-random mating

bottleneck population

an environmental event results in survival of only a few individuals; reduction in population size causes loss of genetic diversity and intensifies genetic drift