Shapes of complex ions

What are the 2 common shapes of complex ions?

• Octahedral

• Tetrahedral

What are the 2 less common shapes of complex ions?

• Square planar

• Linear

Bond angle and co-ordination number of octahedral

Bond angle: 90 degrees

Co-ordination number: 6

Bond angle and co-ordination number of tetrahedral

Bond angle: 109.5 degrees

Co-ordination number: 4

Bond angle and co-ordination number of square planar

Bond angle: 90 degrees

Co-ordination number: 4

Bond angle and co-ordination number of linear

Bond angle: 180 degrees

Co-ordination number: 2

What is the named example of a square planar complex ion?

Cisplatin [PtCl₂(NH₃)₂]

What is the named example of a linear complex ion?

Diammine silver complex [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺

(Found in Tollens’ reagent)

What organic compound is the diammine silver complex [Ag(NH₃)₂]⁺ used to identify?

Aldehydes

Stereoisomers

Compounds with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space

What 2 transition metal complexes form cis-trans isomers?

• Square planar complexes with 2 ligands of the same type and 2 ligands of a different type

• Octahedral complexes with 4 ligands of the same type and 2 ligands of a different type

Optical isomers

Non-superimposable mirror images

What examples of transition metal complex show optical isomerism?

• Octahedral complexes with 3 bidentate ligands

• Octahedral complexes with 2 bidentate ligands and 2 monodentate ligands