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define innate immunity and acquired immunity.

innate = general fast defense

acquired =adaptive specific defense

innate immunity barrier defenses

skin

mucous membrane

secretions

innate immunity internal defenses

phagocytic cell

natural killer cell

antimicrobial cell

inflammatory response

adaptive immunity humoral response

antibodies defend against infection in body fluids

adaptive immunity cell mediated response

cytotoxic cells defend against infection in body cells

adaptive immunity is only found in

vertebrates

Which immune cells are found in interstitial fluid and consume bacteria and virus-infected cells?

phagocytic cells

-macrophage

-neutrophil

-dendritic cell

What role do natural killer cells play in the immune system?

kill infected or abnormal body cells (cancer or virus infected)

What is the function of lysozyme in tears and saliva?

break down cell walls of bacteria, causing bacteria to burst and die

when cells are damaged, chemical signal is released instructing nearby blood vessels to open and let immune defenses in

blood vessels dilate, becoming more permeable which leaks fluid and protein into tissue

allows clotting elements

antimicrobial proteins

immune cells

phagocytes clean the area

chemokines attract more immune cells from blood

neutrophils and macrophages move into infected tissue and perform phagocytosis

What chemical alarm signal is released immediately after tissue damage

histamine

What is the immediate effect of histamine release

vasodilation

increased permeability

What is the main function of the inflammatory response

protect damaged tissue by allowing immune cells and defensive chemicals to injury site

List the three innate defenses vertebrates share with invertebrates

barrier defense (skin)

phagocytic cells (eating)

antimicrobial proteins (kill or slow microbes)

two defenses unique to vertebrates

humoral response (antibodies fight pathogen in body fluid)

cell mediated response (cytotoxic t cells kill infected body cells)

neutrophil role in innate defense

fast response, leaves blood enters infected tissue, destroy bacteria

macrophage role in innate defense

eat pathogen dead cell debris + release chem signal that trigger inflammation

eosinophil role in innate defense

attack large parasites, especially worms

dendritic cell role in innate defense

engulf pathogens, then show pieces of them to lymphocytes for identifcation in adaptive immunity

What proteins are produced by virus-infected cells to protect neighboring cells?

interferons, warn nearby cells that a virus is present. Neighboring cells then activate defenses that make it harder for the virus to replicate and spread.

where do t cells develop

thymus

t cells main function

attack infected body cells and control immune response

where do b cells develop

bone marrow

b cells main function

create antibodies that fight pathogen in body fluids

What type of molecules are antibodies?

proteins

heavy chain, larger protein chain that forms y shaped structure

light chain, help form antigen binding site

variable region, region of antibody that binds to a specific antigen

what is an antigen

molecule used for recognition of foreign or dangerous cells

List 3 type of molecule that can act like antigen?

protein

polysaccharide

lipids