Ch. 11 Review

The phylogenetic species concept holds that the definition of a species should be

Multiple Choice

• based on reproductive compatibility.

• based on branching relationships among species.

• based on evolutionary relationships.

• variable depending on the type of organism.

• based on branching relationships among species.

Species at imminent risk of extinction are classified as ________ species.

Multiple Choice

• vulnerable

• endangered

• threatened

• endangered

Ecological diversity

Multiple Choice

• refers to the richness and complexity of a biological community.

• is more important to conservation than genetic diversity.

• refers to the various types of ecosystems on earth.

• refers to the different kinds of species present in an ecosystem.

• refers to the richness and complexity of a biological community.

Ecological diversity is a measure of the number of

Multiple Choice

• different kinds of organisms within a community or ecosystem.

• different versions of the same gene in an ecological community.

• sizes, colors, and shapes of organisms within an ecological community.

• niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes of a biological community.

• different species in an ecosystem.

• niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes of a biological community.

There are three ecological communities, each with differing species, but all of them have 100 individual plants and animals.

Community A has 21 species. Of the 110 individuals, there are 50 individuals of one species and 3 each of the other 20 species.

Community B has 11 species. Of the 110 individuals, there are 90 individuals of one species and 2 each of the other 10 species.

Community C has 11 species. Of the 110 individuals, there are 10 individuals of each species.

In this scenario, which community has the highest species richness?

Community A

The largest contributing factor for the current high rate of animal extinctions is

Multiple Choice

• uncontrolled sport hunting in the developed world.

• commercial harvesting of wildlife in Africa.

• drought conditions caused by the greenhouse effect.

• habitat destruction worldwide.

• None of these by themselves cause high rates of animal extinctions, but together they combine to cause high rates.

• habitat destruction worldwide.

Invasive (exotic) species tend to ________ the balance of ecosystems and ________ biodiversity.

Multiple Choice

• increase; decrease

• increase; enhance

• maintain; enhance

• upset; decrease

• upset; increase

• upset; decrease

The high rate of poaching of rhinoceros is due mostly to

Multiple Choice

• the belief in medicinal value of their horns for 'traditional' medicines.

• overharvesting for their meat and hide.

• introduction of exotic species that compete for their food.

• habitat destruction.

• All of these have contributed equally to the decrease in the rhinoceros population.

• the belief in medicinal value of their horns for 'traditional' medicines.

Conservationists and wildlife managers use gap analysis to

Multiple Choice

• predict the next evolutionary change an organism will undergo.

• find unprotected landscapes that are rich in species.

• bring different managing agencies into closer accord.

• isolate and contain populations.

• establish connecting corridors.

• find unprotected landscapes that are rich in species.

Which is the most common of the HIPPO factors?

Multiple Choice

• overharvesting

• habitat loss

• pollution

• human population growth

• invasive species

• habitat loss