IV Therapy and Fluid Management Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering terminology for intravenous therapy including complications, fluid types, and clinical procedures based on Doctor Jones's lecture.

Venipuncture

The puncturing of a vein specifically done for phlebotomy to draw blood or to inject a solution.

PIV

Abbreviation for a peripheral IV, also referred to as a short peripheral.

CBC

The abbreviation used in the transcript for a central venous catheter.

Saline lock

A peripheral IV that is flushed and closed off with saline when it is not currently in use.

Extravasation

A complication where the solution being infused leaks out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue.

Infiltration

The escape of nonvesicant fluid or medication into the subcutaneous tissue, characterized by swelling, pallor, coldness, and pain.

Phlebitis

Inflammation of a vein caused by mechanical trauma from a catheter or chemical trauma from irritating, acidic, or alkaline solutions.

Thrombus

A blood clot that forms inside a vessel due to tissue trauma from the IV needle or catheter insertion.

Speed shock

A sudden systemic reaction that occurs when a substance or medication is introduced too rapidly, reaching toxic levels in the heart and brain.

Fluid overload

A condition, also known as pulmonary edema, caused when too large a volume of fluid infuses into the circulatory system too rapidly.

Air embolus

The accidental introduction of air into the circulatory system, often caused by forgetting to prime IV tubing or allowing a bag to run dry.

VADRI

Abbreviation for venous access device related infection, which can result from microbial colonization or biofilm formation.

Septicemia

A systemic infection, also called sepsis, that occurs when a local infection breaks out and enters the bloodstream.

Isotonic solution

A solution such as $0.9\%$ normal saline or lactated ringers that expands intravascular volume while the cells stay where they are and do not change size.

Hypotonic solution

A dilute solution, such as $0.33\%$ or $0.45\%$ normal saline, that replaces intracellular fluid by causing water to rush into concentrated cells, making them swell like a hippo.

Hypertonic solution

A highly concentrated solution, such as $5\%$ dextrose in normal saline, that sucks water out of cells and causes them to shrink or become skinny.

Sensible losses

Fluid losses that can be measured, including urination, liquid stool, and drainage from wounds.

Insensible losses

Fluid losses that cannot be measured, such as sweat, evaporation through the skin, and water vapor from breathing.

Hypovolemia

A fluid volume deficit.

Hypervolemia

A fluid volume excess, which can lead to edema.

ICF (Intracellular Fluid)

Fluid located within the cells, containing about $70\%$ of the fluid in the body.

ECF (Extracellular Fluid)

Fluid located outside of the cells, containing about $30\%$ of the fluid in the body.

Intravascular fluid

Part of the extracellular fluid, also known as plasma, which is the liquid component of blood.

Interstitial fluid

The extracellular fluid that surrounds tissue cells and includes the lymph.

Transcellular fluids

Fluid compartments including cerebral spinal, pericardial, synovial, intraocular, and pleural fluids, as well as sweat and digestive secretions.

Homeostasis

The maintenance of balance between the intracellular and extracellular fluids in the body.

Vesicant

A substance that can harm and damage skin tissue if it escapes the vessel.

Rigors

Shakes and chills that occur during a systemic infection such as sepsis.

Cyanosis

Skin that appears blue, which can be a clinical sign of an air embolus.

JVD

Engorged neck veins, or jugular venous distension, which is a symptom of fluid overload.

PRBC

Abbreviation for pact red blood cells.

TLC

Abbreviation for triple lumen catheter.

KBO

Abbreviation used in transcript meaning to keep vein open and keep it flowing.

Syncope

Fainting or loss of consciousness, which can be a sign of speed shock.

Position of safety maneuver

Elevating the head of the bed to high fowler and dangling the patient's feet to force fluid down into lower extremities during pulmonary edema.

Left side lifesaving mode

Immediately turning a patient on their left side and placing them in Trendelenburg position to trap an air bubble in the apex of the right ventricle.

The four two one rule

A weight-based calculation for maintenance fluids in peds: $4\,ml$ for the first $10\,kg$, $2\,ml$ for the next $10\,kg$, and $1\,ml$ for each remaining $kg$.

NS

Abbreviation for normal saline.

PLT

Abbreviation for platelet.