MICROBIO LECTURE EXAM 4 ORGANISM PROFILES + QUICK REVIEW QUESTIONS

What is the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), (type, disease, pathogenesis, and treatment)?

Type: RNA virus, enveloped

Disease:

• Lymphadenopathy: enlarged lymph nodes, fever, sweats, myalgia, vomiting, diarrhea

• AIDS: dramatic loss of CD4 cells (<200), immunodeficiency

→ opportunistic pathogens can take place

Pathogenesis:

• Exposure to blood/blood products

• Virus binds to CD4 receptors on T helper cells and macrophages

• Virus uses reverse transcriptase and HIV integrase to integrate into host DNA

• Virus can go latent(when it foes to sleep) (asymptomatic)

• When reactivated → kills CD4 cells → loss of cell mediated immunity(so you will have AIDS here)

Treatment: Antiretrovial therapy (3 or more drug combinations)

Extra info:

• Basically an org that has normal CD4, is an animal virus, RNA virus, and has and uses reverse transcriptase

• For AIDS: the 200 means that there is less than 200 cubic mL of blood, are cells like your macrophage and T cells, ex: of aids is candidiasis or other infections to start to come up, also acquires immunodeficiency

• Lymphadenopathy: Myalgia is muscle aches or pains

• Pathogenesis: can be semen or vaginal secretions

• Treatment: stops RNA virus to convert RNA to DNA, and to prevent spread of HIV within your body

What is the Polio virus, (type, disease, pathogenesis, and treatment)?

Type: RNA virus

Disease: poliomyelitis - permanent paralysis of muscles

Pathogenesis:

• Virus binds to intestinal mucosa

• Spreads to lymphatic tissue → blood → multiple organs

• If it reaches brain or spinal cord → destroys nerve cells

Treatment: none-supportive care, vaccine available (working to eradication)

Extra notes:

• usually acquire by ingestion

• The type is a polyhedral, round-circular shape

• Pathogenesis: when it reaches your never cells you lose control of skeletal muscles, limbs, etc.

• Treatment: vaccines are actually used a lot now

What is the Human Papillovirus (HPV), (type, disease, pathogenesis, and treatment)?

Type: DNA virus

Disease: genital warts

→ cervical cancer (possible)

Pathogenesis:

• Virus transmitted by physical contact, binds to epithelial cells

• Stimulates cell proliferation → warts

• Viral proteins (E6 or E7) binds to tumor suppressor gene product → tumors

Treatment: can be self-limiting, topical treatments to destroy infected tissue.

Extra info:

• Pathogenesis: you can get it from other places and sexually too, the warts look like human extensions, so and can lead to

• Treatment: warts may go away on their own

Lecture 11

Which of the following is not true regarding HIV?

A) It is a DNA virus

B) It is enveloped

C) It contains reverse transcriptase

D) All the above

A) It is a DNA virus

Lecture 11

Which of the following cell lines can be maintained indefinitely?

A) Primary cell lines

B) Embryonated eggs

C) HeLa cells

D) Embryonic diploid cell line

C) HeLa cells (ex info: these are immortal cell lines)

Lecture 11

Which of the following is not a step in the lytic cycle?

A) Release

B) Uncoating

C) Biosynthesis

D) Maturation

B) Uncoating (ex info: capsids are still on the outside of the lytic cycle)

Lecture 11

Which of the following is not a possible result of lysogeny?

A) Phage conversion

B) Specialized transduction

C) Immunity to reinfection

D) All are possible results of lysogeny

D) All are possible results of lysogeny

Lecture 11

Which of the following is not associated with HPV?

A) Cervical cancer

B) Muscle paralysis
C) E6 and E7

D) genital warts

B) Muscle paralysis

Lecture 12

Which of the following is not part of the first line of defense?

A) Lysozyme

B) Fever

C) Urine

D) Ciliary escalator

B) Fever

Extra info:

• Inside of the body so it’s definitely 2nd line of defense

Lecture 12

PAMPS

A) are found on phagocytes

B) directly facilitate digestion by phagocytes

C) include LPS and flagella

D) are toll-like receptors

C) include LPS anf flagella

Extra info:

• Toll-like receptors are only found on phagocytes

Lecture 12

Which of the following is not a cardinal sign/symptom of inflammation?

A) Heat

B) Redness

C) Swelling

D) All of the above are signs/symptoms of inflammation

D) All of the above are signs/symptoms of inflammation

Lecture 12

Which class of antibodies is a pentamer appears first during an infection?

A) IgM

B) IgA

C) IgD

D) IgG

A) IgM

trick to rmb is counting corners of the letter “M” which has 5.

Lecture 12

Receiving a vaccine is an example of _________ immunity

A) Naturally acquired passive

B) Naturally acquired active

C) Artificially acquired passive

D) Artificially acquired active

D) Artificially acquired active (explanation: this is because this is your own body that produces the antibodies)

Lecture 13

A patient comes in complaining of abdominal cramps and black stool. What organism is most likely the cause of the disease?

A) Salmonella typhi

B) ETEC

C) Staphylococcus aureus

D) Helicobacter pylori

D) Helicobacter pylori

RMB the trick to study the differences of the orgs.

Lecture 13

Which of the following is not time regarding vibrio cholerae?

A) It causes rice water stool

B) It can lead to severe dehydration

C) It is associated with high carbohydrate foods

D) It causes the host to secret Cl-

C) It is associated with high carbohydrate foods

Lecture 13

Which of the following organisms can cause hemolytic uremic syndrome?

A) ETEC
B) Clostridium perfringens

C) EHEC

D) Salmonella enterica

C) EHEC

Lecture 13

Which organism, found in several foods, generally leads to mild gastroenteritis?

A) Clostridium perfringens

B) Bacillus cereus

C) Clostridium botulinum

D) Salmonella typhi

A) Clostridium perfringens

Lecture 13

Norovirus

A) is not very contagious

B) can be treated with fluoroquinolones

C) is associated with salty, high protein foods

D) none of the above

D) none of the above