ELA Final

What is a plot

sequence of events that make up a story

In a plot, though there are many variations, what structure is most commonly used?

common structure

What are the 5 main parts of a plot?

exposition (*inciting incident), rising action, climax, falling action, resolution

What does the exposition in a plot include?

background info (past experiences), characters (protagonist & antagonist), setting (time & place), and conflict (character vs. self, character, nature, society, supernatural, tech.)

What is the inciting incident in between?

exposition and rising action

What is the inciting incident?

an event that starts the story or journey for the protagonist

What is rising action made of and include?

made of key events and actions; usually includes obstacles and creates suspense before the climax

What is the climax?

turning point where the protagonist usually confronts the conflict and changes for better/worse

What is falling action?

winding down of the story; resolves loose ends and leads to resolution; explains how main conflict is dealt with and important events that follow

What is the resolution of a plot?

how the story ends

What is characterization?

the process by which the writer reveals the personality of a character (directly/indirectly)

What is direct characterization?

tells the audience what the personality of a character is

What is indirect characterization?

shows things that reveal the personality of a character (5 types)

What are the 5 types of indirect characterization and how do you identify them?

STEAL (speech, thoughts, effects on others, actions, and looks)

Speech - what they say

Thoughts - internal feelings/emotions

Effects on others - other character reactions

Actions - what the character does

Looks - appearance

What are prepositions?

words that connect nouns or pronouns to other words in a sentence; typically describes the position of something, and when something happens; describe the way something is done/possession

What are the 53 common prepositions?

 

about	at	but (meaning except)	inside	outside	under
above	atop	by	into	over	underneath
across	before	concerning	like	past	until
after	behind	down	near	regarding	up
against	below	during	of	since	upon
along	beneath	except	off	through	with
amid	beside	for	on	throughout	within
among	between	from	onto	to	without
around	beyond	in	out	toward

What are direct quotes?

when you copy text word for word from a book, article, etc.

What do direct quotes have to be placed in?

quotation marks

What is the formatting of direct quotes?

“direct quote” (author last name page #).

How do you format character dialogue in a direct quote?

place entire quote inside “ “ and dialogue in ‘ ‘

What do prepositional phrases tell?

tells where, when, or how

What do prepositional phrases ALWAYS start/end with?

start: preposition, end: noun/pronoun (object of preposition)

What are NEVER in prepositional phrases?

the subject of verb of a sentence

What are subjects?

who or what the sentence is about

What is a verb?

what happened or what “is”; shows an action or state of being

What are compound objects?

two or more nouns or pronouns following the preposition

What are compound subjects?

two or more subjects in a sentence

What are compound verbs?

two or more verbs in a sentence

What are helping verbs also known as?

auxiliary verbs

What are the 23 common helping verbs?

 

do does did

has have had

is am are

was were

be being been

may must might

should could would

shall will can

What are verb phrases?

two or more words make up a verb

What is the last word in a verb phrase called? What are the others called?

main verb, helping/auxiliary verb

In a declarative (normal) sentence, the verb phrase is usually ______.

together

In an interrogative (question) sentence, the verb phrase is usually _______.

split

“Not” is NEVER a _____.

verb

What is an infinitive?

“to” + verb

Infinitives are not a __________ ________.

prepositional, phrase

In an imperative sentence, what is the subject?

you

What do imperative sentences do?

gives a command

(You) is termed ___ _________, and is at the ________ of the sentence;.

you, understood, beginning

A preposition MUST be part of what? If there is no noun/pronoun following the preposition, what is it?

prepositional phrase, adverb

A preposition must be followed by what?

a noun/pronoun

Words that end in __ are usually adverbs, not prepositions.

ly

Event sequencing is also known as ______ __________.

plot, structure

What is event sequencing?

the order in which events happen in a story

What are the key components of narrative sequencing?

1. Exposition: Introduces background information. characters, setting, and conflict

2. Rising Action: Builds tension

3. Climax: Turning point, usually the protagonist confronts the main conflict

4. Falling Action: Consequences of the climax or events that follow the climax

5. Resolution: How the story ends

What is the purpose of event sequencing?

help the reader follow what’s happening and keep the story from feeling confused/rushed

drives the plot forward, builds tension, creates suspense, keeps reader engaged

What are descriptive details?

specific words, phrases, and images used to help the reader see, hear, smell, taste, and feel what is happening in the story

Descriptive details ______ __ ________ in the reader’s mind/

paint a picture

Writers use descriptive details to make readers feel a certain ________.

emotion

Descriptive details can show what a character _____ like, how they _____, or what they ____.

looks, move, feel

Adding sensory descriptions makes the reader feel like they are _____ the scene.

inside

Specific, vivid details keep the reader _______ and help them _________ the story more deeply.

engaged, understand

What is it called when you write about what a character says?

dialogue

What is dialogue placed inside?

double quotation marks

What are speech tags?

a phrase that identifies the speaker

Where can speech tags go?

before, after, or in the middle of a line of dialogue

Speech tags stay ______ the quotation marks, while the punctuation stays ______.

outside, inside

What happens if an action occurs before or after the lines of dialogue?

The action is given its own sentence.

If a character is quoting something or somebody else within their dialogue, what is it given?

single quotation marks

How do you indicate a new speaker in dialogue?

use a new paragraph

What do you use for repeated sounds/stuttering in dialogue?

hyphen (-)

What do you use for trailing thoughts or a pause in dialogue?

ellipse (…)

What do you use at the end of the interrupted speech for an abrupt stop?

em dash (—)

What are character’s thoughts also called?

internal dialogue

What do you do for a character’s internal thoughts?

italicize it

How is a tag separated from the character’s thought?

with a comma (ex. character’s thought, tag.)