All Block 2 414

Instructor's Code of Conduct

1. Make Safety a Priority

2. Develop and exercise good judgement in decision making

3. Recognize and Manage Risk effectively

4. Be Accountable

5. Be Responsible and Courteous

6. Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal limits

7. Adhere to the Law

Things not to do as a CFI

-Unfair treatment

-Be Impatient

-Worry about something else while with a student/lack of interest

-Fatigued or Ill

Demonstration-Performance Training (Telling and doing flight instruction)

1. CFI Explains maneuver

2. CFI demonstrates maneuver

3. Student Performs Maneuver under CFI supervision

4. CFI provides evaluation

Teaching Process

1. Preparation

2. Presentation

3. Application

4. Review and Evaluate

Preparation (The Teaching Process)

1. Determine Lesson outline

2. Consideration of Training Syllabus

-use well orchestrated questions

3. Develop Lesson Plan

4. Instructor Review

5. Instructor Materials/Training Aids

6.Student Assignments

-Student prep for a lesson should be equal to CFI prep for a lesson

Presentation (Teaching Process)

1. Present Knowledge and Skills needed to complete lesson objective

2. Method of Presentation

-Lecture

-Discussion

-Demo-Performance

Application (Teaching Process)

1. Student Applies knowledge and skills needed to complete lesson objectives

-Perform Maneuver

-Solve Problems

-Answer Questions

Review and Evaluation (Teaching Progress)

1. Instructor Reviews Lesson

-Law of Recency

2. Evaluation

-Inform student of their progress

-Correct students deficencies

-Formal/Informal

Lecture (Teaching Method)

Knowledge

New Material

Advantages:

-Covers New Material

-Student can't assess on their own

-Time Efficient

-Easier to control

-Good for large groups

Discussion (Teaching Method)

Knowledge

Prior Experience

Advantages:

-Increased Engagement with student

-Feedback from student

(not looking at blank faces in a classroom)

-Stronger Student Learning

Demo-Performance (Teaching Method)

-Good for developing skill sets

-Learn by developing skills under instructor supervision

Steps

-Explain why and how to do manuever

-Demonstrate Manuever

-Student Performance

-Instructor Supervises

-Evaluation

What do Instructional Aids promote?

-The law of intensity

-Maintain student attention

What method of instruction do we use for Flight Instruction?

Integrated Method

-Point out visual cues (look outside airplane)

-Redo the maneuver with instrument reference

-Why?

-Good development of scan habits

-Accuracy of Aircraft Control

-Operating Efficiency

What is a lesson plan?

-a written, organized outline for a single instructional period

Purpose of a lesson plan

-Tie lesson to the course of training

-Selection of Materials

-Time Management

-Proper Teaching Sequence

-Teaching Outline (broad)

-Helps eliminate unimportant ideas

-Promotes unity of instruction

-Aids Instructor confidence

Lesson Plan Items

Lesson Objective

Completion Standards

Training Aids

Student/CFI Preparation

Content

Lesson Plan Objective

-desired student learning outcomes

Lesson Plan Completion Standards

-Evaluation criteria for determining how well the student has met the objective

-Completion Standards must be

-Definable

-Measurable

What Must Lesson Plan Completion Standards be?

Definable

Measurable

Characteristics of a Well Planned Lesson

Unity

Content

-new material builds of off learning

Scope

-every lesson should be reasonable in scope so

that the objective is achievable

Practicality

-must be practical, where the lesson is

conducted. Briefing shouldn't be in a bar

Related to the course of training

-relation to course objectives must be clear to

student

Instructional Steps

-4 Steps of Teaching Process

(Prep, Present. Application, Review)

Steps for Developing a Flight Training Syllabus

1. Course Objective

2.Blocks Of Learning

3. Sub-Blocks of Learning

4. Lessons of Instruction

Course Objective

(Steps for Course/Syllabus Development)

Course Standards or Completion Standards. (ACS)

Blocks of Learning

(Steps for Course/Syllabus Development)

Block learning progress into obtainable blocks. I.e. Solo, XC, Certification. A student going for solo does not need to be exactly at the skill level for a Certification block, but should have a sufficient level of knowledge.

Sub-Blocks of Learning

(Steps for Course/Syllabus Development)

Break Blocks down further. Ground Reference, Maneuvers, Landings, Etc.

Evaluation vs. Critique

A critique may be oral, written, or both. It should come immediately after a student's performance, while the details of the performance are easy to recall. An instructor may critique any activity a student performs or practices to improve skill, proficiency, and learning.

An evaluation should come in the form of oral quiz questions or test taking.

*What are 7 parts of a lesson plan?

Objective

Completion Standards

Training Aids

Student/CFI prep work

References

Content

Assignment

Airworthiness Flow

91.213...

91.205?

Kinds of Operations List?

VFR Day Type Certificate?

AD's?

Placard or Remove

Discovery (Method of Instruction)

Throw a new student the keys to the aircraft and see if they can figure it out

Electronic (Method Of Learning)

Learrning through the use of electronic devices

Guided Discussion Method

Student must possess knowledge of the topic

Learning is achieved through the skillful use of questions guided by the instructor

Lead off questions- HOW or WHY

Problem-Based Learning (PBL)

challenges students to apply information to actual scenarios rather than simply memorizing it

Higher Order Thinking Skills

Scenario Based Training

Group Learning

Small groups of students working together to maximize their own and others learning

-Small groups

-Student perceives the targeted objectives as their own

-Individual Accountability

Types of Instruction Aids

Videos

Drawings

Pictures

Model Aircraft

Other Resources of info (PTS, ACS, etc.)

What are the steps in the teaching process?

1. Preparation

2. Presentation

3. Application

4. Review & Evaluation

What does preparation entail as part of the teaching process?

Determine lesson objective

Consideration of syllabus

Development of lesson plan

Instructor review

Instructor materials

Student Assignments

What does application entail as part of the teaching process?

Perform maneuvers

Solve problems

Answer questions

What does review and evaluation entail as part of the teaching process?

Review content to satisfy the law of recency

Evaluate student to inform them of their progress and correct deficiencies

When should the lecture method be used?

Introducing new material

Essential teaching skills

1. People skills (motivation/respect/communication)

2. Subject matter expertise (knowledge and proficiency)

3. Management skills (planning and organization)

4. Assessment skills (determine teaching effectiveness)

What are the different teaching methods?

1. Lecture (knowledge)

2. Discussion (knowledge)

3. Demonstration Performance (skill)

When should you use lecture as your teaching method and what are some pro's and con's?

Used to introduce new material

Pro's:

time efficient, convenient for large groups, easier to control, no student access to material

Con's:

Lose interest

Student Engagement is decreased

No feedback

Least effective

When should you use discussion as your teaching method and what are some pro's and con's?

Used when student has prior experience with the material

Pro's:

Receive feedback

Active engagement

Stronger learning

Con's:

More time consuming

More difficult in large groups

Difficult to control

What skills does the instructor have to possess for the discussion method to be effective?

Needs to have...

tact

patience

comfortable with silence

When should you use demonstration performance as your teaching method and what are the phases?

Use when learning physical skills

1. Explanation

2. Demonstration

3. Student Performance

4. Instructor Supervision

5. Evaluation

What are other teaching methods?

1. Discovery Method

2. Problem Based Learning

3. Cooperative/Group Learning Method

4. Electronic Learning

Which teaching method is the most effective but most time consuming?

Discovery Method

What are two Flight Instruction Techniques?

1. Integrated Method

2. Telling and Doing Technique

What is the integrated method?

Doing the maneuver visually first

Then doing the maneuver with instruments

How do you teach the telling and doing technique?

1. Instructor tells/Instructor does

2. Student tells/Instructor does

3. Student tells/Student does

Why are instructional aids useful in helping students learn?

1. Supports the law of intensity

2. Helps maintain attention

3. Aids in mental picture

4. Aids in understanding relationships between materials and concepts

5. Teaching efficiency

6. Increases student retention

What are the different types of questions?

1. Overhead questions (directed to the entire group)

2. Rhetorical

3. Direct (targeted to one person)

4. Reverse (answer the question with a question)

5. Relay (ask the question back to the group)

What are some advantages of the discussion method when compared to the lecture method?

Greater student interest, feedback, stronger learning

What type of question is being used when the instructor asks a question to the student in response to a student's question?

Reverse

Why should we use the integrated method of flight instruction?

It promotes proper scan habits in looking inside and outside the aircraft

Why should we have a lesson plan?

1. It aids in confidence when teaching

2. Eliminates unimportant details

3. Time management

4. Ties the lesson to training (teaching outline)

What should be included in a lesson plan?

1. Objective (desired student learning outcomes)

2. Completion standards (definable and measurable)

3. Training Aids

4. Student/CFI Prep

5. Content

What is a common lesson structure?

1. Intro (attention/motivation/overview)

2. Development (past -> present / simple -> complex)

3. Conclusion

4 ways to develop learning material

Past to present

Simple to complex

Known to unknown

Most frequently used to least used

What are the characteristics of a well-planned lesson plan?

1. Unity

2. Content

3. Scope

4. Practicality

5. Flexibility

What is the process of developing a flight training syllabus?

Set the objective (Solo or stage)

Completion standards (what they have to meet to be ready)

Create individual lessons

What are the syllabus rules?

At a minimum they must include an objective, content, and completion standards

You cannot switch between blocks

Why teach systems?

1. Prevent misuse

2. Remedy a malfunction

3. Operational efficiency

4. Required for a private pilot per the FARs

What systems should be taught and when to your student for solo privileges?

Everything that is pertinent to the aircraft they are flying (normal + abnormal)

What systems should be taught and when to your student for private pilot certification?

Everything that is pertinent to fly that category and class of aircraft (normal + abnormal)

What are the problem systems for students?

1. Electrical

2. Pitot-Static

3. Vacuum / Gyro

What should you teach about a given system?

1. Why to learn?

2. Components

3. Normal

4. Abnormal

What does it mean to have an aircraft airworthy?

It is legal to fly

1. It meets the approved type design

2. It is in condition for safe ops

3. Maintenance and alterations are done in accordance with 14 CFR

Who is responsible for keeping an aircraft airworthy?

Owner and operator

Who is responsible in determining if an aircraft is in an airworthy condition?

PIC

What could make an aircraft un-airworthy?

Missing required maintenance

Does not meet approved type design

Is not in condition for safe operations

How long is an airworthiness certificate valid?

As long as the aircraft remains airworthy

What maintenance inspections need to be completed to keep an aircraft airworthy?

Annual

Vor (ifr) (30 days)

100 hour (for hire)

Altimeter and Static (ifr) (24 cal months)

Transponder (24 cal months)

ELT (12 cal months)

What do we do if we find something broken on the aircraft?

MEL or....

1. check 91.205

2. kinds of operation (POH)

3. VFR Day type certificate (FAA website)

4. Airworthiness Directives (FAA website)

5.Go/No go

If we can fly with the item broken, what do we need to do prior to flight?

Placard/Deactivate

Updated weight and balance if needed

How long can we defer a broken item?

Until next time it's in for maintenance

What do we have to refer to if an aircraft we are flying does not have an MEL?

FAR 91.213

What are the MEL procedures?

1. Detect failure

2. Identification of the correct dispatch condition or MEL item associated to the failure

3. If not on MEL then you're not airworthy

4. Review dispatch conditions

5. Decision for dispatch

What are the errors and problems encountered in learning aircraft systems?

1. Failure to detect system malfunctions or failures

2. Improper management of a system failure

3. Failure to monitor and manage automated systems

People Skills

Ability to interact, talk, understand, and empathize with others

Subject Matter Expertise

Must possess a high level of knowledge, technical knowledge, and be a proficient pilot

Management Skills

Must be able to plan, lead, supervise and organize

Assessment Skills

Must be able to assess the change in the learning process (Sat vs Unsat)

Instructor Code of Conduct

1. Make Safety a Priority
2. Develop and exercise good judgement in decision making
3. Recognize and Manage Risk effectively
4. Be Accountable
5. Be Responsible and Courteous
6. Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal limits
7. Adhere to the Law

Instructor should be teaching a student who should…

1. Seek Proficiency in control of the aircraft
2. Use technology in the flight deck safely
3. Be confident in different situations
4. Respect the privilege of flight

Characteristics of Effective Assessment

1. Objective
2. Flexible
3. Acceptable
4. Comprehensive
5. Constructive
6. Organized
7. Thoughtful
8. Specific

Essential Teaching Skills

PAMS

People skills

Assessment skills

Management skills

Subject matter expertise

People Skills

Effective instructors relate well to people

Technical knowledge is useless if the instructor fails to communicate it effectively.

The two-way process of effective communication includes actively listening to the learner

People skills also include the ability to interact respectfully, pick up when learners are not following along, provide motivation, and adapt to the needs of the learner when necessary

Management Skills

How are we going to conduct a lesson? How are we going to put it together

How do you plan a lesson?

What homework do I assign the student ?

Subject Matter Expertise (SME)

A person who is familiar with the knowledge, skills, and abilities required to perform a task or job

Proficient Flight Skills

Professional Development

Instructors Code Of Ethics

1. Make safety the number one priority

2. Develop and exercise good judgment in making decisions,

3. Recognize and manage risk effectively

4. Be accountable for his or her actions

5. Act with responsibility and courtesy

6. Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal operating parameters,

7. Adhere to applicable laws and regulation

Course Of Training

In education, a course of training is a complete series of studies leading to attainment of a specific goal. The goal might be a certificate of completion, graduation, or an academic degree

Preparation Of A Lesson

How does an instructor keep the attention of a class?

Lesson Organization Methods

Past to Present

Simple to Complex

Know to Unknown

Most Frequently used to Least used

Past to Present

In this pattern of development, the subject matter is arranged chronologically, from the present to the past or from the past to the present. Time relationships are most suitable when history is an important consideration, as in tracing the development of radio navigation systems.

Simple to Complex

The simple-to-complex pattern helps the instructor lead the learner from simple facts or ideas to an understanding of the phenomena or concepts involved. When beginning a study of jet propulsion the learner might start by considering the forces involved when releasing air from a toy balloon and finish by taking part in a discussion of a complex gas turbine engine.

Do not be afraid to omit less important information at first in order to simplify the learning process

Know to Unknown

By using something the learner already knows as the point of departure, the instructor can lead into new ideas and concepts. For example, when developing a lesson on heading indicators, the instructor could begin with a discussion of the magnetic compass before proceeding to a description of gyroscopic indicators.

Most Frequently used to least used

In some subjects, certain information or concepts are common to all who use the material. This fourth organizational pattern starts with common usage before progressing to the rarer ones. Even though some aircraft are equipped with a computerized navigational system, instructors should begin by teaching learners the basics of navigation since all pilots use the basic skills.

Lecture Method

In the lecture method, the instructor delivers knowledge via lectures to learners who are more or less silent participants.

Lectures are best used when an instructor wishes to convey a general understanding of a subject

Pros: New Information, Large Groups, Time Management

Cons: No Student Involvement

Guided Discussion Method

The discussion method modifies the pure lecture form by using lecture and then discussion to actively integrate the learner into the process

Pros: Change it to being focused on the individual

Cons: Not Time Effective, Off Topic Easy

Group Learning

Cooperative or group learning organizes learners into small groups who can work together to maximize understanding. Research indicates that learners completing cooperative learning group tasks tend to have better test scores, higher self-esteem, improved social skills, and greater comprehension of the subjects they are studying.