Hypersensitivity

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to hypersensitivity, including definitions of different types of hypersensitivity reactions, cells involved, and clinical manifestations.

Hypersensitivity

An exaggerated immune response to an antigen that results in tissue damage.

Atopy

Genetically-based tendency to produce IgE antibodies against allergens.

Anaphylaxis

A rapid-onset, systemic allergic reaction to an antigen.

Sensitization

An acute adaptive response in susceptible individuals upon first exposure to an allergen.

Type I Hypersensitivity

IgE-mediated hypersensitivity, involving mast cells and basophils, causing immediate reactions like anaphylaxis.

Type II Hypersensitivity

Antibody-mediated cytotoxic hypersensitivity where IgG or IgM antibodies bind to antigens on cell surfaces causing cell damage.

Type III Hypersensitivity

Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity involving the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes that induce inflammation.

Type IV Hypersensitivity

Delayed-type hypersensitivity mediated by T cells that leads to cellular damage and inflammation.

Desensitization

A technique used in allergy treatment aimed at restoring biological tolerance to an allergen.

Mast cells

Cells that originate in bone marrow and mature in peripheral tissues, involved in allergic reactions and release of mediators.

Eosinophils

White blood cells that play a key role in inflammation and tissue damage during allergic reactions, particularly in type I hypersensitivity.

IgE

Immunoglobulin E, an antibody that plays a crucial role in allergic reactions; it binds to allergens and triggers mast cells and basophils.

Cold Agglutinin

An antibody that causes the agglutination of red blood cells at lower temperatures, often associated with specific disorders.

Serum Sickness

A type III hypersensitivity reaction caused by immune complexes formed from foreign proteins in the serum.

Contact Dermatitis

A type IV hypersensitivity reaction characterized by skin inflammation caused by direct contact with an allergen.

Arthus Reaction

A localized inflammatory response resulting from immune complex deposition in the skin, characterized by redness and induration.

Celiac Disease

An immune-mediated disorder characterized by an inappropriate immune response to gluten, leading to intestinal damage.