Unit 1 review Medical intervention

These are just come terms I forogot within this unit. THis is just a refresh on a few terms

Genome

The complete set of genetic instructions found within a cell

Solvent

A substance (usually a liquid) that dissolves a solute (a solid, liquid, or gas) to form a solution.

Solute

a substance that dissolves in a solvent to create a solution

Solution

A homogeneous mixture formed when a solute dissolves in a solvent.

Enzyme

A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.

Penicllians

A group of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis, effective against various bacterial infections.

Tetracyclines

A class of broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis in bacteria, effective against a variety of infections.

Fluroquiniones

A class of antibiotics that inhibit bacterial DNA replication and transcription, effective against a wide range of infections.

Sulfonamids

block bacteria from producing folic acid, an essential nutrient the bacteria need to grow and multiply

Mentigities

Gram negative (A type of bacteria)

Transformation

he process by which bacteria take up free, foreign genetic material (usually plasmids) from their environment and incorporate it into their own genome

Transduction

a process of horizontal gene transfer where bacterial DNA is transferred from one bacterium to another via a bacteriophage

Frequency

Pitch

Sound

mechanical energy transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves in a medium

Eustachian tube

equalizes pressure

Threshold

The sound a person can hear at various frequencihe es

Vectors

Vehicles for DNA to move

Epidemiologist

study the patterns, causes, and effects of diseases and injuries in specific populations. Unlike physicians who treat individuals, they analyze entire communities to develop public health policies, prevent outbreaks, and control diseases

Steps of Elisa

1. Coating

A capture antibody specific to the target antigen is coated onto the bottom of a polystyrene microplate well.[1, 2]

• Action: The plate is incubated to allow the antibody to stick to the plastic. [1]

2. Blocking

A blocking buffer (usually a protein like bovine serum albumin) is added to all wells. [1, 2]

• Action: This covers any remaining unbound plastic surface, preventing false-positive results from non-specific bindings. [1]

3. Probing (Sample & Detection)

The sample containing the target antigen is added to the wells so the capture antibody can bind it. The plate is washed to remove unbound material, and an enzyme-linked detection antibody is added to bind to the target antigen. [1]

4. Signal Measurement

After a final wash to remove any unbound detection antibodies, a chemical substrate is added. [1, 2]

• Action: The enzyme on the detection antibody reacts with the substrate, causing a measurable color change.

• Result: The intensity of the color is directly proportional to the concentration of the target antigen in your sample

Endotoxins

toxic, heat-stable structural molecules (lipopolysaccharides or LPS) found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Audiologist

doctoral-level healthcare professionals who diagnose, treat, and manage hearing loss, balance disorders, and related ear conditions