APUSH Unit 7B

What was the Yalta Agreement of 1945?

A meeting of the 'Big Three' Allied leaders that agreed to divide Germany into occupation zones, hold free elections in Eastern Europe, and create the United Nations.

Who were the leaders involved in the Yalta Agreement?

Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S.), Winston Churchill (Great Britain), and Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union).

What was the outcome of the Scopes Trial in 1925?

John T. Scopes was convicted for teaching evolution, highlighting the cultural divide of the 1920s.

What did the Scopes Trial highlight about American society in the 1920s?

The conflict between Christian fundamentalists and modernists regarding the teaching of evolution.

What were the immediate relief programs under the New Deal?

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) and Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC).

What acts were part of the economic recovery efforts of the New Deal?

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) and Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA).

What was the long-term reform measure included in the New Deal?

Social Security Act.

Who was Rosie the Riveter?

A propaganda character representing women in factories during WWII, encouraging them to work.

What was the ruling in Korematsu v. U.S. (1944)?

The Supreme Court upheld the internment of Japanese-Americans during WWII, prioritizing national security over individual rights.

What was the significance of the Harlem Renaissance?

A cultural movement in the 1920s that celebrated African-American art, literature, and music.

Who was a prominent poet during the Harlem Renaissance?

Langston Hughes.

What impact did the New Deal programs have on the federal government?

They expanded the government's role by providing jobs and relief directly to citizens.

What was the purpose of the Emergency Quota Act of 1921?

To establish immigration quotas favoring Northern and Western Europeans while excluding Southern, Eastern Europeans, and Asians.

What did the Schenck v. United States (1919) case address?

It upheld the Espionage Act of 1917, limiting speech that posed a 'clear and present danger'.

How did mass media contribute to consumer culture in the 1920s?

It encouraged mass consumption, leading to increased spending and contributing to the Great Depression.

What was the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?

A New Deal program that paid farmers to reduce crop production to stabilize prices.

What did the Bracero Program do?

It brought Mexican laborers to work in U.S. agriculture during WWII to address labor shortages.

How did the New Deal resemble Populist and Progressive goals?

By promoting government intervention to aid farmers, workers, and the poor.

What was the main criticism of the New Deal by laissez-faire proponents?

They believed it overreached by increasing government power and undermining free market principles.

What cultural changes did flappers represent in the 1920s?

A challenge to traditional gender roles, promoting social independence among women.

Who were the main candidates in the 1932 presidential election?

Herbert Hoover and Franklin D. Roosevelt.

What was FDR's proposal in the Quarantine Speech of 1937?

To 'quarantine' aggressive nations to prevent the spread of fascism and militarism.

What was the Manhattan Project?

A U.S. research project that developed the atomic bomb during WWII.

What was the historical significance of Japanese-American internment during WWII?

It mirrored historical forced relocations and demonstrated wartime civil rights violations.

What did the 19th Amendment accomplish in 1920?

It granted women the right to vote.

What were some social shifts caused by the Great Depression?

Mass unemployment, migration (e.g., Dust Bowl), and a shift from agriculture to industrial work.

What were the primary reasons for dropping the atomic bomb?

To end the war quickly, minimize American casualties, and demonstrate U.S. power.

What were some causes of the Great Depression?

Overproduction, underconsumption, stock market speculation, and laissez-faire policies.

What opposition did the New Deal face?

Criticism from conservatives, business leaders, and the Supreme Court.

What was the Great Migration?

The movement of African-Americans from the South to Northern cities from 1916 to 1970.

What event caused the U.S. to end its neutrality in WWII?

The attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941.

What was the purpose of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?

To provide jobs and income during the Great Depression.

What was the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)?

A New Deal program that improved infrastructure and economic conditions in rural areas.

What was the cultural impact of the Harlem Renaissance?

It challenged racial stereotypes and celebrated Black culture through various artistic expressions.

How did WWII create opportunities for African-Americans?

They served in the military and worked in industrial jobs, contributing to the Double V Campaign.

What was the main objective of the National Origins Act of 1924?

To restrict immigration based on national origin, favoring Northern and Western Europeans.

How did propaganda during WWII affect perceptions of women's roles?

It promoted the idea that women's industrial jobs were a patriotic duty, but reassured families of their eventual return to domestic roles.

What was the Espionage Act of 1917?

A law that limited free speech in the U.S. during wartime, upholding national security.

What transformation did the New Deal bring about in the role of government?

It expanded federal intervention in the economy for social welfare and economic recovery.