BIO 260 (Human Anatomy) Chapter 2 - Tissues

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Last updated 6:08 AM on 6/14/26
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4 Terms

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Tissue

Tissues: similar cells organized to perform a common function.

Four major types:

  • Epithelial

  • Connective

  • Muscular

  • Nervous

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Tissues: epithelial

Polarity: Cells have an exposed apical surface, and are attached on the opposite side on a basal surface.

Attachment: Cells attach on the basal surface to a basement membrane (with a basal lamina and reticular lamina)

Specializations: Many epithelial cells have extensions (processes) on the apical surface to increase surface area for absorption and secretion. These include:

  • Microvilli: small, finger-like projections

  • Cilia: longer projections that move substances across the surface

  • Stereocilia: very long (up to 200 micrometer) that cannot move (like cilia)

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Tissues: epithelial

Basement membrane: cells attach basal surface to a basement membrane which is made of two parts.

Basal lamina: secreted by the epithelial cells (glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and fine microfilaments)

Reticular lamina: secreted by the underlying connective tissue (coarse protein fibers)

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Tissues: epithelial

3 types of epithelial cell shapes:

  • squamous

  • cuboidal

  • columnar

2 types of layering:

  • simple (one cell thick)

  • stratified (2+ cells thick)