EKG certification Chapter 3

For my EKG certification

Anatomy

Parts of the 10 body systems

Physiology

How the 10 body systems function

Organs

Organized groups of tissues with specific functions

Cells

What organs are composed of, basic units of the body

Homeostasis

The body’s state of balance and stability

Integumentary

(Skin) Works as barrier to protect internal organs from harmful microorganisms

Musculoskeletal

(Muscles and Bones) Provides framework and movement to body as well as extra layer of protection

Cardiovascular

(Heart) Circulates blood, gases, and nutrients to cells as well as carrying away waste.

Respiratory

(Lungs) Provides oxygen to body and rids of carbon dioxide.

Nervous

(Nerves and brain) Sends, receives, or interprets signals to the body

Gastrointestinal

(Stomach and other digestive organs) Takes in, digests, and absorbs nutrients to nourish cells.

Urinary

(Bladder and Kidneys) Eliminates and filters waste out of body

Endocrine

(Glands) Regulates hormones and body function

Lymphatic/ Immune

(Nodes and spleen) Removes excess fluids and waste, fights infection.

Reproductive

(Male or Female separate systems) Male or Female hormones.

Metabolism

Name for physical and chemical process carried out by body to maintain homeostasis

Axilla

Armpit

Thorax

Chest

Thoracic cavity

Inside the chest

Clavicle

Collarbone

Sternum

Breast bone on midline

Anterior or ventral

Front of body or body part

Posterior or Dorsal

Back of body or body part

Superior

Towards head

Inferior

Away from head

Medial

Towards body midline

Lateral

To side, away from midline

Proximal

Closer to torso

Distal

Away from torso

Intercostal

Between the ribs in rib cage

Midline

line through middle of body

Midclavicular line

Line parallel to midpoint of the collarbone (clavicle)

Anterior axillary line

Beginning at the axillary fold and line parallel to the midclavicular

Midaxillary line

Line beginning in midpoint of axillary fold under arm

Where does the heart lay?

Lies just to the left of the bodies midline between the second rib and fifth intercostal space

Heart function

to pump blood through the blood vessels to all cells of the body

Hearts Chambers

Two uppers (left atrium and right atrium) Two lowers (left ventricle and right ventricle)

Adult body contains how much blood?

five to six liters of blood

Plasma

liquid portion of blood

Formed elements

Solid portion of blood

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells

Leukocytes

White Blood cells, fight infection bodies natural defense

Thrombocytes

Platelets

Hemoglobin

In red blood cells, a protein that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

Arteries

Carry oxygen-rich/oxygenated blood

Coronary Arteries

Special arteries that carry oxygenated blood TOWARDS the heart.

Capillaries

small blood vessels, where exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide happen. connect to venules or small veins to large veins.

Veins

Carry blood containing waste products and carbon dioxide back to the heart. (Oxygen depleted blood carrying)

Inhalation

Intercostal muscles contract pulling ribs up and out and bringing air in.

Diaphragm

A muscle that divided the thoracic cavity from the abdomen. Draws air into lungs(Contracts or flattens)

Pharynx

Area of throat behind mouth and nasal cavity moving into larynx

Larynx

Voice Box

Trachea

Windpipe

Bronchi

The bottom of trachea that divides into two branches leading to the lungs

Bronchioles

Bronchus subdividing into smaller airways inside the lungs into alveoli

Alveoli

End of respiratory tract, tiny elastic sacs surrounded by capillaries, where oxygen and carbon exchange between here and capillaries.

Pulmonary veins

Where oxygenated blood comes into the heart from the lungs