2.6 Cell Division, Cell Diversity and Cellular Organisation

Flashcards covering key concepts related to cell division, cell types, and cellular organization.

Mitosis

A form of cell division that produces genetically identical daughter cells for growth and asexual reproduction.

Cytokinesis

The process during which the cytoplasm of a parent cell divides to form two daughter cells.

Interphase

The stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows and prepares to divide, replicating chromosomes and some organelles.

Prophase

The first stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes condense.

Metaphase

The stage of mitosis where chromosomes align at the equator of the cell and attach to spindle fibers via centromeres.

Anaphase

The stage of mitosis where sister chromatids are separated and pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Telophase

The final stage of mitosis where the nuclear envelope reforms, leading to the formation of two daughter cells.

Meiosis

A form of cell division that produces haploid gametes and contributes to genetic variation.

Gametes

Haploid cells produced by meiosis that are involved in sexual reproduction.

Crossing Over

The exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis.

Independent Assortment

The random distribution of maternal and paternal chromosomes into gametes during meiosis.

Xylem

Tissue responsible for the transport of water and minerals in plants and providing structural support.

Phloem

Tissue responsible for the translocation of nutrients and food substances in plants.

Epithelial Tissue

A tissue type made of sheets of cells that cover surfaces and line cavities.

Stem Cells

Undifferentiated cells capable of developing into various types of cells with potential uses in medicine.

Differentiation

The process by which stem cells develop into specialized cells with specific functions.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells responsible for transporting oxygen in the blood.

Neutrophils

White blood cells that attack and destroy foreign microorganisms through phagocytosis.

Palisade Cells

Plant cells specialized for photosynthesis and containing many chloroplasts.

Root Hair Cells

Specialized epidermal cells that increase surface area for water and mineral absorption.

Guard Cells

Cells found in pairs in the epidermis of leaves that control the opening and closing of stomata.