Nursing and Professional Formation Practice Flashcards

This flashcard set covers the historical perspectives of nursing, key leaders, definitions, roles, health promotion levels, theoretical models, Maslow's hierarchy, and legal aspects of nursing practice.

Theory of animism

The belief that good spirits brought health, while evil spirits brought sickness and death.

Florence Nightingale

The individual who established the first training school for nurses, wrote books about nursing education, and elevated the status of nursing as an occupation.

Clara Barton (1821-1912)

The historical figure who founded the American Red Cross.

Linda Richards (1841-1930)

The first American trained nurse who also developed nurse’s notes.

Mary Mahoney (1845-1926)

The first African American Professional Nurse.

Lillian Wald (1867-1940)

The founder of public health nursing and the Henry St. Settlement.

Lavinia Dock (1858-1956)

A leader in women’s rights who campaigned for legislation to allow nurses to control their own practice.

Margaret Sanger (1879-1966)

A public health nurse in NY and the founder of Planned Parenthood.

Mary Breckinridge (1881-1965)

The founder of the Frontier Nursing Service.

Nutrix

The Latin word from which 'nursing' originated, meaning 'to nourish'.

Four Blended Competencies

The set of skills required for nursing practice consisting of Cognitive, Technical, Interpersonal, and Ethical/legal competencies.

QSEN Competencies

Quality and Safety Education for Nursing standards including Patient-centered care, Teamwork and collaboration, Quality improvement, Safety, Evidence-based practice, and Informatics.

Health (WHO 1974)

A state of complete physical, social, and mental well-being, and is not merely the absence of disease or infirmary.

Primary Prevention

Health promotion and disease prevention activities, such as immunization clinics and accident-prevention education.

Secondary Prevention

Focuses on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment, such as dental and vision examinations.

Tertiary Prevention

Begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated, with the goal of rehabilitation and reducing disability.

Nurse Practice Acts

Legally binding laws that define the legal scope of nursing practice, establish state boards of nursing, and set criteria for education and licensure.

ANA Scope and Standards of Practice

A non-legally binding document containing 17 national standards that define the Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How of nursing practice.

Nursing Theory

A group of concepts that describe a pattern of reality, used to describe nursing and differentiate it from other disciplines.

The Health Belief Model (Rosenstock)

A model concerned with what people perceive to be true about themselves in relation to their health, including perceived susceptibility and seriousness of a disease.

Health–Illness Continuum

A conceptualization of health as a constantly changing, dynamic state with high-level wellness and death on opposite sides.

Agent–Host–Environment Model (Leavell and Clark)

A traditional model explaining how factors interact to place a person at risk for infectious disease.

Stages of Change Model (Prochaska and DiClemente)

A model used to address behaviors like addiction, involving stages such as Precontemplation, Contemplation, Determination, and Action.

Physiologic Needs

The highest priority in Maslow’s hierarchy, including oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, and rest.

Self-Actualization Needs

The highest level on Maslow's hierarchy, characterized by acceptance of self, objectivity, and the ability to distinguish between good and evil.

HIPAA

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act; ensures patient rights to see, copy, and request corrections to their health records.

Sentinel Event

An unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, such as wrong-site surgery or suicide in a hospital.

Never Event

Serious reportable events that should never occur, such as a retained surgical item or discharging an infant to the wrong person.