Anatomy Exam 4

Which muscles from Lab 18 extend the head and neck?

• Capitis splenius

• Capitis longissimus

• Capitis semispinalis

• Splenius cervicis

• Semispinalis

Which muscles from Lab 18 flex the head and neck?

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Scalenes (anterior, medius, posterior)

• Longus capitis

• Longus colli

What nerve innervates the platysma muscle (and all other muscles of facial expression)?

• Facial Nerve (CN VII)

Which muscles elevate the hyoid?

• Stylohyoid

• Geniohyoid

• Mylohyoid

• Digastric

Which muscles depress the hyoid?

• Omohyoid

• Thyrohyoid

• Sternothyroid

• Sternohyoid

Which muscles adduct the true vocal cords?

• Arytenoideus

• Lateral cricoarytenoid

Which muscles abduct the true vocal cords?

• Posterior cricoarytenoid

Which muscles increase tension (raises pitch) in the true vocal cords?

• Cricothyroid

Which muscles decrease tension (reduces pitch) in the true vocal cords?

• Thyroarytenoid

Which muscles are innervated by ansa cervicalis?

• Omohyoid

• Sternothyroid

• Sternohyoid

Which muscles of the neck are innervated by the vagus nerve (CN X)?

• Arytenoideus

• Cricothyroid

• Thyroarytenoid

• Lateral cricoarytenoid

• Posterior cricoarytenoid

Describe the quadrangular membrane.

• Lateral epiglottis to arytenoid cartilages and inner laryngeal prominence

• Closes in vestibule, continuous with trachea

• Free border is vestibular ligament, covered in mucosa to form vestibular folds or false vocal cords

Describe the conus elasticus.

• Cricoid cartilage to internal posterior laryngeal cartilage and vocal process of arytenoid cartilage

• Upper margin forms vocal ligament, covered in mucosa to form vocal fold or true vocal cords

What are the functions of the thyroid glands?

• Sits between larynx and trachea; 2 lateral lobes connected by horizontal isthmus

• Secretes thyroid hormones for protein synthesis

• Sets basal metabolic rate, growth and maturation of CNS, cells respiration, long bone growth, etc.

What are the functions of the parathyroid glands?

• Embedded in the back of the thyroid gland

• Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH) which increases blood calcium

Which muscles are innervated by the accessory nerve (CN XI)?

• Sternocleidomastoid

• Trapezius

What are the nerves of the neck?

• Ansa cervicalis

• Phrenic N.

• Facial N (CNVII)

• Glossopharyngeal N. (CNIX)

• Vagus N. (CN X)

• Accessory N. (CNXI)

• Hypoglossal N. (CNXII)

• Occulomotor N. (CNIII)

Which nerves of the neck are spinal?

• Ansa cervicalis

• Phrenic N., motor innervation

Which nerves of the neck are cranial?

• Facial N., motor innervation and parasympathetic fibers

• Glossopharyngeal N., general visceral afferent (GVA) and sensory information

• Vagus N., parasympathetic and somatic motor innervation

• Accessory N., somatic motor innervation

• Hypoglossal N., somatic motor innervation

• Occulomotor N., parasympathetic fibers

What are the branches of the external carotid artery?

• Superior thyroid A. = thyroid and parathyroid glands

• Ascending pharyngeal A. = pharynx

• Lingual A. = tongue

• Facial A. = face

• Occipital A. = back of head, eyes

• Posterior auricular A. = scape behind the ear

• Superficial temporal A. = muscles and scape of temporal region

• Maxillary A. = maxilla and bones of the head

How does the internal carotid artery reach the brain?

• Has no branches in the neck

• Runs behind external carotid A. to enter the skull through carotid foramen to supply the brain

Which vein drains blood from inside the cranial cavity?

• Drained by dural venous sinuses that empty into internal jugular V.

• Drains into subclavian V.

Which vein drains blood from most of the scalp and face?

• External jugular V.

• Drains into subclavian V.