SOHO Network

IPv4

Uses 32bits, divided into four octets. Each octet is a number from 0-255

IPv4 Class A

For large networks; 1st octet is from 1-126

IPv4 Class B

For medium networks; 1st octet is from 126-191

IPv4 Class C

For small networks; 1st octet ranges from 192-223

IPv4 Class D

Reserved for multicast; 1st octet from 224-239

IPv4 Class E

Experimental; 1st octet ranges from 240-255

Public IP

Globally unique, used to identify devices on the internet.

Private IP

Used within local networks, not visible on the internet

Loopback Address (private address)

Used for testing within a device (127.0.0.1).

Broadcast Address

Sends data to all devices in a network; ends in 255 (e.g., 192.168.1.255).

APIPA(private address)

Address automatically assigned if no DHCP server available; always starts with 169.254.x.x

Class A private range

Any address that starts with 10

10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255

Class B private range

Any address that start with 172.16 and goes to 172.31

172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255

Class C private range

Any address that goes from 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255

IANA

Internet assigned numbers authority

IPv6

128 bits long(supports 340 undecillion unique addresses), written as eight groups of four(numbers and letters) separated by colons,

APIPA

Automatic private IP addressing

Static IP Address

An IP address that is manually assigned and doesn’t change overtime

Device example: printer

Dynamic IP Adress

Temporary IP addresses automatically assigned by DHCP server

Subnet Mask

a number used in networking to divide an IP address into two parts: the network portion and the host portion.

Gateway

a networking device or software that acts as an entry and exit point between two different networks,