chem states of matter and gas laws

Kinetic molecular theory

a model based on the idea that particles of matter are always in motion

Ideal gas

A hypothetical gas that perfectly fits all the assumptions of kinetic-molecular theory

Elastic collision

An encounter between particles in which there is no net loss of total kinetic energy

Diffusion

The spontaneous mixing of particles of two substances caused by random motion

Effusion

the process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening

Real gas

a gas that does not behave completely according to kinetic-molecular theory assumptions

Fluid

A substance that can flow and take the shape of its container

Surface Tension

A force that pulls adjacent parts of a liquids surface together, minimizing surface area

Capillary Action

The attraction of the surface of a liquid to the surface of a solid

Vaporization

The process by which a liquid or a solid changes to gas

Evaporation

Vaporization that occurs at the surface of a non-boiling liquid

Freezing

The physical change of a liquid to a solid by removal of energy(exothermic process)

Crystalline solid

A solid consisting of crystals in an orderly, geometric repeating pattern

Amorphous solid

A solid in which the particles are arranged randomly

Crystal Structure

The total three-dimensional arrangement of particles of a crystal

Unit Cell

the smallest portion of a crystal lattice that shows the three-dimensional pattern of the entire lattice

Melting

The physical change of a solid to a liquid through the addition of energy

Melting Point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

Super Cooled liquid

A substance that retains liquid properties even at temperature where it appears solid

Phase

Any part of a system that has uniform composition and properties

Condensation

the process by which a grass changes to a liquid

Equilibrium

A dynamic condition in which two opposing changes occur at equal rates

Equilibrium Vapor Pressure

The pressure exerted by vapor in equilibrium with its corresponding liquid

Volatile liquid

A liquid that evaporates readily or at a low pressure

Boiling

the conversion of a liquid to a vapor within the liquid as well as its surface

Boiling Point

The temperature at which the equilibrium vapor pressure of the liquid equals the atmospheric pressure

Molar enthalpy of vaporization

The amount of energy as heat needed to vaporize one mole of liquid at its boiling point

Freezing point

The temperature at which a solid and liquid are in equilibrium at 1 atm pressure

Molar enthalpy of fusion

the amount of energy as heat required to melt one mole of solid at its melting point

Sublimation

the change of state from a solid directly to a gas

Deposition

The change of state from a gas directly to a solid

Phase diagram

A graph of pressure versus temperature showing conditions under which phases exist

Triple point

the temperature and pressure conditions where solid, liquid and vapor co-exist

Critical point

indicates the critical temperature and critical pressure of a substance

critical temperature

The temperature above which a substance cannot exist in the liquid state

Critical Pressure

The lowest pressure at which a substance can exist as a liquid at the critical temperature