Honors US History Final Exam Part 2

Berlin Wall

a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989 - stood as a symbol of Soviet oppression

Capitalism

An economic system based on private ownership of property and wealth

Communism

A system that promises economic equality & does not allow for the ownership of private property

Korean War

The conflict between Communist North Korea and Non-Communist South Korea. The United Nations (led by the United States) helped South Korea.

television (1950s)

The primary force shaping the new consumerism (desire for goods) and popular culture of the 1950s - criticized for re-inforcing racial and gender stereotypes of the time

Great Society

President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

the GI Bill

law passed in 1944 to help returning veterans buy homes and pay for higher educations

white flight

the move of white city-dwellers to the suburbs to escape the influx of minorities.

flexible response

A policy, developed during the Kennedy administration, that involved preparing for a variety of military responses to international crises rather than focusing on the use of nuclear weapons.

Plessy vs. Ferguson

A landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"

Brown v. The Board of Education of Topeka

A landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

The Fourteenth Amendment

The Constitutional Amendment that guarantees equal protection under the law.

The Civil Rights Act of 1964

A landmark civil rights and US labor law that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

A landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.

The Little Rock Nine

A group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock's Central High School in 1957.

Montgomery Bus Boycott

An event in the Civil Rights Movement, led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. & sparked by the actions of Rosa Parks, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama

Freedom Summer

A volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi.

Freedom Riders

Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional.

Martin Luther King Jr.

An American Baptist minister and activist who was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience based on his Christian beliefs.

Malcolm X

An African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist; he was often criticized for advocating for violence in response to white racism and discrimination.

John F. Kennedy

Won the Presidential election of 1961. He served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.

Robert F. Kennedy

Served as Attorney under John F. Kennedy - he was an advocate for Civil Rights and the rights of the poor.

Rosa Parks

An activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" - her actions sparked the Montgomery Bus Boycott and launched the career of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 until 1961 - he sent in federal troops to uphold the integration on public schools in Little Rock, Arkansas.

Thurgood Marshall

NAACP lawyer and first African American Supreme Court Justice