Fungus HY

Candida morphology

Budding yeast + pseudohyphae

Candida common infections

Thrush esophagitis vaginitis diaper rash nail infections

Thrush after antibiotics suggests

Candida albicans

Candida treatment for esophagitis

Fluconazole

Candida invasive infection treatment

Echinocandins

Echinocandins mechanism

Inhibit beta glucan cell wall synthesis

Echinocandin examples

Caspofungin micafungin

Azoles mechanism

Inhibit ergosterol synthesis via fungal CYP450 inhibition

Azole major side effect

Hepatotoxicity

Dermatophyte morphology

Septate hyphae

Dermatophytes infect what tissues

Skin hair nails

Most common cause of onychomycosis

Trichophyton rubrum

Best treatment for onychomycosis

Terbinafine

Terbinafine mechanism

Inhibits squalene epoxidase

Terbinafine side effect

Hepatotoxicity

Spaghetti and meatballs morphology

Malassezia furfur

Malassezia infection

Tinea versicolor

Tinea versicolor presentation

Hypopigmented or hyperpigmented patches on trunk

Tinea versicolor treatment

Selenium sulfide or topical azoles

Acute angle septate hyphae morphology

Aspergillus

Aspergillus classic patient

Neutropenic immunocompromised patient

Aspergillus treatment

Voriconazole

Voriconazole side effect

Visual disturbances hepatotoxicity

Broad nonseptate hyphae with right angle branching

Mucor Rhizopus

Mucormycosis classic patient

DKA patient

Black necrotic eschar suggests

Mucormycosis

Mucormycosis treatment

Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B mechanism

Binds ergosterol forming membrane pores

Amphotericin B side effect

Nephrotoxicity

Amphotericin B infusion reaction mnemonic

Shake and bake

Encapsulated yeast with India ink

Cryptococcus neoformans

Cryptococcus associated with

AIDS meningitis pigeon droppings

Cryptococcus induction treatment

Amphotericin B plus flucytosine

Flucytosine mechanism

Converted to 5 FU inhibits DNA RNA synthesis

Flucytosine side effect

Bone marrow suppression

Histoplasma exposure

Bird or bat droppings caves

Histoplasma endemic region

Ohio and Mississippi River valleys

Histoplasma morphology

Intracellular yeast in macrophages

Histoplasma treatment

Itraconazole

Broad based budding yeast

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Blastomyces associated regions

Great Lakes Ohio River basin

Blastomyces treatment

Itraconazole

Spherules with endospores

Coccidioides

Coccidioides endemic region

Southwestern United States desert

Coccidioides associated finding

Erythema nodosum

Coccidioides treatment

Fluconazole or itraconazole

Rose gardener thorn injury fungus

Sporothrix schenckii

Sporothrix morphology

Cigar shaped yeast

Sporothrix treatment

Itraconazole

Pneumocystis jirovecii classic patient

AIDS patient CD4 less than 200

Pneumocystis jirovecii stain

Silver stain

Pneumocystis jirovecii treatment

TMP SMX

TMP SMX mechanism

Folate inhibition

TMP SMX side effects

Stevens Johnson syndrome nephrotoxicity hyperkalemia

Three major dermatophytes

Trichophyton Microsporum Epidermophyton

Trichophyton infects

Skin hair nails

Microsporum infects

Skin hair

Epidermophyton infects

Skin nails

Memory trick for Trichophyton

Tri equals all three skin hair nails

Microsporum Wood lamp finding

Green fluorescence

Child with alopecia and scaly scalp

Tinea capitis

Tinea capitis treatment

Oral griseofulvin or terbinafine

Why tinea capitis requires oral treatment

Topicals do not penetrate hair follicles

Griseofulvin mechanism

Disrupts microtubules mitotic spindle

Griseofulvin side effects

Hepatotoxicity CYP450 induction

Ring shaped lesion with central clearing

Tinea corporis

Groin rash sparing scrotum

Tinea cruris

Toe web scaling

Tinea pedis

Thick yellow nails

Onychomycosis

Tinea barbae location

Beard area

Tinea barbae presentation

Folliculitis like rash

Most common cause of toenail fungal infection

Trichophyton rubrum

Toenail fungus morphology

Septate hyphae

Pseudohyphae in nail infection suggests

Candida

Candida nail infections associated with

Chronic wet work water exposure

Candida morphology on KOH prep

Budding yeast and pseudohyphae

Aspergillus morphology on microscopy

Septate hyphae branching at 45 degrees

Mucor morphology on microscopy

Broad ribbon like nonseptate hyphae branching at 90 degrees

Histoplasma intracellular location

Macrophages

Cryptococcus virulence factor

Polysaccharide capsule

Cryptococcus stain

India ink mucicarmine

Blastomyces morphology

Broad based budding yeast

Coccidioides morphology

Spherules containing endospores

Dermatophyte infection diagnosis

KOH prep showing septate hyphae

Wood lamp positive dermatophyte

Microsporum

Most common superficial fungal infection

Tinea infections

Dermatophytes feed on

Keratin

Dermatophytes invade living tissue deeply

No only keratinized tissue

Tinea corporis appearance

Annular scaly plaques with central clearing

Tinea cruris usually spares

Scrotum

Tinea pedis common location

Between toes

Oral antifungal best for nail infections

Terbinafine

Topical antifungals usually ineffective for

Onychomycosis

Candida causes what oral finding

Scrapable white plaques

Oral thrush common risk factors

Antibiotics HIV inhaled steroids diabetes

Esophageal candidiasis symptom

Odynophagia

Most common fungal cause of meningitis in AIDS

Cryptococcus neoformans

Aspergillus can form what in old TB cavities

Aspergilloma fungus ball

Aspergillus toxin associated with liver cancer

Aflatoxin

Aflatoxin associated cancer

Hepatocellular carcinoma