China Study guide

Opium War (1839-1842)

War between China and UK over Britains opium trade, Britain Won

Treaty of Nanjing

Included British getting Hong Kong, China forced to open trading ports, tariffs on goods and opened China to west

Taiping Rebellion

Massive Civil war in China, led by Hong Xiuquan, led to millions of deaths

Hong Xiuquan

Religious leader who led the Taiping Rebellion, wanted to overthrow government

2nd Opium War (1857)

Fight between China, Britain and France, China lost and it led to them opening up more trading ports and giving more rights to foreigners

Boxer Rebellion

Anti-foreign uprising which tried to remove foreign influence but crushed by international forces

Open Door Policy

US policy that called for equal trade rights in China and tried to prevent European powers from taking all power from China

Mao Zedong

Chinese Communist leader who was very influential in china and led the revolution and founded the People’s Republic Of China

Kuomintang

Chinese political party, fought Communists in the Chinese Civil War

Chang Kai-Shek

Leader of Kuomintang, fought Communists in Chinese Civil War, later led government in Taiwan

Chinese Communist Party (CCP)

political party founded in 1921 that led the communist revolution and currently rules China.

Great Leap Forward

a campaign by Mao Zedong to rapidly industrialize China, which led to millions of deaths.

Cultural Revolution

a campaign by Mao Zedong to remove “counter-revolutionary” ideas from China, causing widespread chaos

Red Guards

were radical student groups in China who supported Cultural Revolution and attacked “counter-revolutionaries.”

Little Red Book

a collection of sayings by Mao Zedong

Deng Xiaoping

a Chinese leader who took power after Mao Zedong and introduced economic reforms that opened up China to global markets.

Tiananmen Square Protests-Tank Man

student-led protests in China that were crushed by the government. “Tank Man” was an unknown man who stood in front of tanks

World Trade Organization (WTO)

an international body that sets trade rules. China joined ito expand global trade

One-Child Policy

a rule in China limiting most families to one child to slow population growth.

Xi Jinping

Xi Jinping is the current top leader of China and head of the Chinese Communist Party.

Belt and road Initiative

a strategy by China to build trade and infrastructure links across other countries like Asia, Africa, and Europe.

Uighurs/Xinjiang, and Tibet

ethnic groups facing tight government control and human rights concerns.

South China Sea- Spratlys and Paracels

which are claimed by China and several other countries, causing territorial disputes.

9 Dash Line

the South China Sea that marks areas claimed by China, but it is disputed by other countries.

One China Policy

policy that there is only one China, and China claims sovereignty over Taiwan, which most countries officially recognize.

“One Country Two systems”

China allows regions like Hong Kong and Macau to keep separate economic and legal systems while still being part of China.

Taiwan Relations Act

US law that maintains unofficial relations with Taiwan and supports its defense

Taiwan

is an island with its own government and economy, but it is claimed by China. Causes conflict between China and US

Hong Kong

Region of China with its own legal and economic system under the “One Country, Two Systems” policy.

Umbrella Movement

a pro-democracy protest in Hong Kong demanding greater political freedom and election rights.