Organic Chemistry Quiz

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Last updated 11:39 PM on 5/21/26
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34 Terms

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Alkanes

simplest hydrocarbons

prefix + ane

CₙH₂ₙ₊₂

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1 carbon chain prefix

meth-

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2 carbon chain prefix

eth-

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3 carbon chain prefix

prop-

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4 carbon chain prefix

but-

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5 carbon chain prefix

pent-

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6 carbon chain prefix

hex-

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7 carbon chain prefix

hept-

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8 carbon chain prefix

oct-

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9 carbon chain prefix

non-

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10 carbon chain prefix

dec-

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if compound has chlorine…

add the prefix “chloro”

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if a compound has bromine…

add the prefix “bromo”

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alcohol

ends in “ol”

example: ethanol

general form: R-OH

<p>ends in “ol”</p><p>example: ethanol </p><p>general form: R-OH</p>
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ethers

general form: R-O-R

naming: ___oxy___ane

example: CH3C2H3 (methoxyethane)

<p>general form: R-O-R</p><p>naming: ___oxy___ane</p><p>example: CH3C2H3 (methoxyethane) </p>
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Functional isomers

compounds that share the same molecular formula but contain different functional groups

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alkenes

general form: CₙH₂

name: ____ene

example: 2-butene

<p>general form: CₙH₂</p><p>name: ____ene</p><p>example: 2-butene</p>
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cycloalkanes

functional of alkenes

singly bonded ring

name: cyclo

example: 1,2-dibromocyclopentane

<p>functional of alkenes</p><p>singly bonded ring</p><p>name: cyclo</p><p>example: 1,2-dibromocyclopentane</p>
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aromatics

always has a benzene ring

prefix + benzene

example: 1,2-dichlorobenzene

<p>always has a benzene ring </p><p>prefix + benzene</p><p>example: 1,2-dichlorobenzene</p>
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aldehyde

r-CHO

functional group is always at the end

prefix + al

known carsinogen

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carboxylic acid

R-COOH

prefix + oic acid

can be anywhere in the compound

example: methanoic acid (stings from bees)

ethanoic acid - vineger

<p>R-COOH</p><p>prefix + oic acid</p><p>can be anywhere in the compound</p><p>example: methanoic acid (stings from bees)</p><p>ethanoic acid - vineger</p>
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Alkyanes

CₙH₂ₙ₋₂

prefix + yne

for triple bonded substances

example: ethyne - (flame torch)

<p>CₙH₂ₙ₋₂</p><p>prefix + yne</p><p>for triple bonded substances</p><p>example: ethyne - (flame torch)</p>
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ketone

prefix + one

R-C=O-R’

ex: 2-pentaone

<p>prefix + one</p><p>R-C=O-R’</p><p>ex: 2-pentaone</p>
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esters

used in perfume

prefix + oate

<p>used in perfume</p><p>prefix + oate </p>
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amine

prefix + ylmine

<p>prefix + ylmine</p>
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amide

prefix + ylmide

<p>prefix + ylmide</p>
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esterficiation

reaction that helps form esters

formed by alcohol and carboxylic acid

yields ester + water → dehydration synthesis

provides flavor or scent for beverages + perfumes

name: (from alcohol)yl (from carboxylic)oate

<p>reaction that helps form esters</p><p>formed by alcohol and carboxylic acid</p><p>yields ester + water → dehydration synthesis </p><p>provides flavor or scent for beverages + perfumes </p><p>name: (from alcohol)yl (from carboxylic)oate</p>
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combustion

most organic react with oxygen to form CO2 and H2O (if complete combustion)

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substitution

a saturated hydrocarbon has one atom and a time replaced by another halogen

<p>a saturated hydrocarbon has one atom and a time replaced by another halogen </p>
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addition

unsaturated hydrocarbon breaks bonds and adds often H or halogen atoms at spots where bonds are broken

<p>unsaturated hydrocarbon breaks bonds and adds often H or halogen atoms at spots where bonds are broken</p>
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fluorine prefix

fluoro-

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iodine prefix

iodo-

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functional isomer

compounds that share the same molecular formula but contain different functional groups

<p>compounds that share the same molecular formula but contain different functional groups</p>
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positional isomer

molecules that share the same molecular formula and carbon skeleton, but differ in the physical location of a functional group or substituent along that chain

<p>molecules that share the same molecular formula and carbon skeleton, but differ in the physical location of a functional group or substituent along that chain</p>