health Science

Hypothalamus location?

Near the front of the brain

Hypothalamus special features?

Links nervous and endocrine system

Hypothalamus main job?

Controls the endocrine system and releases hormones based on information from nervous system

Hypothalamus Hormones Produced?

Dopamine and serotonin

Pineal Gland Location?

Posterior to the pituitary and the hypothalamus

Pineal Gland Function?

Regulates circadian Rhythms

Pineal Gland Hormones Produced?

Melatonin

Pituitary Gland Location?

Base of the brain and connected to the hypothalamus

Pituitary Gland special Features?

Two parts anterior and posterior pituitary

Pituitary Gland main Job?

Controls all the endocrine glands based on instructions from the hypothalamus

Pituitary gland hormones produced?

Human Gonadtrophic Hormone (HgH), Antidireuretic Hormone (ADH), Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

Thyroid Location?

At the base of the neck near the larynx

Thyroid function?

Regulates metabolism and bone length

Thyroid hormone produced?

Thyroxin

Parathyroid location?

4 small glands at the back of the thyroid gland

Parathyroid function?

Controls the metabolism of calcium

Parathyroid hormone produced?

Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)

Thymus location?

Upper chest

Thymus function?

Controls the growth of certain white blood cells (help fight infection)

Thymus hormone produced?

Thymocin

Adrenal gland location?

Found on top of each kidney

Adrenal special feature

2 parts

Adrenal gland main job?

Control fight or flight response monitor blood or glucose and mineral levels

Adrenal gland hormone production?

Adrenalin and cortisol

Islets of Langerhans location?

Structures in the pancreas

Islets of Langerhans Function?

Crucial to metabolism of glucose in the blood

Islets of Langerhans Hormones produced?

Insulin and glucagon

Gonads location?

Lower abdominal cavity or groin

Gonads function

Regulate sexual growth, development and reproductive behaviour

Gonads hormones?

Male - Testosterone

Female- Estrogen and Progesterone

What is a reflex arc?

A reflex arc is a fast, automatic response pathway in the nervous system that allows your body to react quickly without conscious thinking.

What happens during a reflex arc?

1. A stimulus happens (like touching something hot)

2. A sensory neuron detects it and carries the signal to the spinal cord

3. An interneuron in the spinal cord processes the information

4. A motor neuron carries the signal away from the spinal cord

5. The effector (usually a muscle) responds (you pull your hand away)

What is a negative feedback system?

A negative feedback system is a process that keeps the body balanced by reversing a change. When something in your body gets too high or too low, the body sends signals to bring it back to normal.

Type 1 diabetes

Body does not produce insulin, causing high blood sugar (symptoms: thirst, urination, weight loss, fatigue)

Type 2 Diabetes

Body cannot use insulin properly, causing high blood sugar (symptoms: thirst, urination, fatigue, slow healing)

Dementia

A group of conditions that cause memory loss and decline in thinking abilities

Alzheimer’s disease

A specific disease and the most common cause of dementia, leading to worsening memory loss and confusion over time

Gestational diabetes

A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, where the body cannot produce or use enough insulin to control blood sugar, causing high blood sugar levels in the mother.

Why are nerves electrical?

Transmission between nerve cells is electrical, and transmission between neurons is chemical

You eat a box of donuts what hormone is produced?

Insulin

What part of the sperm hold dna

The head

What hormone is produced during ovulation?

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) Around day 14

Path of the sperm?

Seminiferous tubules → epipdidmyis→vas deferens→ urethra→ penis

Where is sperm produced

Testes

Into which tube are sperm first released?

Epipdidmyis

Central nervous system?

Controls the brain and spinal cord

Somatic nervous system

Contains nerves of the skin skeletal muscle and bone

Autonomic Nervous system

Nerves which control internal organs

Frontal lobe?

Voluntary movement reasoning and judgement

Temporal lobe?

Hearing language memory and emotions

Parietal lobe?

Sensory information and association

Occipital lobe

Vision and visual recognition

Left hemisphere of the brain

Controls language math and the right side of the body

Right hemisphere

Controls emotions creativity and left side of the body

human egg w microscope?

Can be seen without a microscope