Exercise Physiology Unit 4 H (the athlete triad)

eumenorrhea

menstrual cycles regularly occurring at intervals of 21-36 days 

amenorrhea

absence of a menstrual cycle for 90 days or longer 

oligomenorrhea

menstrual cycles of irregular intervals and longer duration 37-89 days

energy availability

the amount of energy remaining for all other physiologic functions after accounting for the energetic cost of exercise training 

orthorexia

an unhealthy focus on eating in a healthy way 

disordered eating

atypical eating behaviors that affect your ability to maintain sufficient caloric intake 

athlete triad

energy deficency, reproductive suppression, compromised bone health

RED-S

relative energy deficiency in sport

the 5 key physiologic functions oxidizable metabolic fuels are used for

reproduction, thermoregulation, cellular maintenance, locomotion, growth 

what physiologic functions are turned off in an energy deficit

reproduction and growth

categories of behaviors that contribute to development of energy deficit

disordered eating behaviors, inadvertant eating, weight cyclinig, clinical feeding

inadvertant eating

unintentionally failing to increase food intake to meet training needs

weight cycling

intentionally aiming to lose a specific amount of weight to meet goals/comp. requirements

healthy menstrual cycle

21-36 days

unhealthy menstrual cycle

37-89 days or absence of

combined hormonal contraception

oral pill, transdermal patch, vaginal ring

long-acting reversible contraception

injectable, IUD, subdermal implant

cons of hormonal contraception for female athletes with amenorrhea

using any type of hormonal contraception interferes with the ability to monitor menstrual cycle regularity and can mask irregularities

how an energy deficiency causes changes in bone formation

decreased circulating IGF-1 and leptin and increased circulating peptide YY contributes to low bone formation and poor bone mass. Osteoblasts are impacted 

how reproductive suppression causes changes in bone resorption

decreased circulating estrogen and progesterone, which contributes to greater bone breakdown (too much) and poor bone mass. Osteoclasts are impacted

reproductive suppression as a young adult is a concern across the lifespan because

the risk of osteoporosis is increased

the primary focus of treating persons with the athlete triad

increase energy availability by increasing energy intake and/or reducing exercise energy expenditure