ULTIMATE REVIEW UNIT 2 PSYCH

Bottom up

learn something through your sense

top down process

your brain uses prior knowledge to solve something

schema

mental framework for how we expect something to look like

perceptual sets

see things as part of a group A 13 C D

Closure

our brains ability to fill in missing info action

figure ground

organize information into figures objects that stand apart from surrounds

proximity

group things together based off of looks

similarity

group things together based off similarities

retinal disparity

the difference in how images are seen in the left and right eye

convergence

as objects get closer converge into one object

relative clarity

perceive things as being farther away if they are blurry

relative size

when you perceive smaller objects as being further away

linear perspective

when parallel lines look like they converge but they just farther away

change blindness

failure to notice changes in an environment

perceptual constancy

the ability to looks at the door from a different angle and know it is the same size

apartment movement

lights turning on and off and moving in a shape

inattentional blindness

you miss something because you’re focused on something else

concepts

mental groupings of similar things

ex: prototype (picturing a robin when you think of “bird)

assimilation

takes in the new information but ultimately keeps the schema the same

accommodation

changes the schema to fit new information

representativeness heuristic

judge based on stereotypes

availability heuristic

judging based on how easily something comes to mind

mental set

repeat past solutions that worked before

priming

influences decision through subtle cues

framing

changes decisions based on wording

sensory memory

sensory information stored in your memory for a few milliseconds to a few seconds

echoing memory

audio memory

iconic memory

visual sense

short term memory

last 15-30 seconds

maintenance rehearsal

repeating the information out loud or in your head

elaborative rehearsal

link the info with meaning, existing knowledge. or associations

semantics

encoding (deep) meaning of the words (does it relate to me)

phonemic

what words sound like (does it rhyme)

structural

physical structure (is it capitalized)

semantic memory

houses facts and general knowledge

episodic memory

personal experiences and events

procedural memory

skills and habits

prospective memory

remembering what you need to do (pick up milk)

serial position

remembering the fist and last things on a list

amygdala

for emotional memories

proactive interference

old disrupts the new

retroactive interference

new disrupts the old

antergorade amnesia

can’t make new memories

retrograde amnesia

lose old memories

standardization

test is given using consistent procedures and environemns5

aptitude test

predicts your abilities to learn a new skill

achievement test

text what you know

eugenics

study how to improve the gene pool by discouraging individuals from reproducing

stereotype threat

feel at risk of conforming to the negative stereotype about your group

stereotype lift

do better on a test when comparing shelf to other groups with negative stereotypes

FLYNN EFFECT

IQ has steadily risen over the past 80 years due to education, healthcare