Chem Final Exam

All exam multiple choice put into one study tool. There may be typos....

A substance that can be broken down into two or more simpler substances by chemical methods is called a

compound

The nucleus of an atom contains

Protons and neutrons only

Which of the following states of matter has a definite shape?

solid

which two gases make up more than 95 percent of an inhaled breath?

O2 and N2

Which substance is NOT considered to be an air pollutant?

N2

Currently, the primary source of sulfur dioxide emissions into the atmosphere is

coal burning power plants

Which statement is correct?

UV-C is the most energetic of the three forms of UV light

The ozone hole is most prominent on the earth over

Antartica

What is special about the South Pole vs the North Pole that leads to ozone depletion only at the South Pole?

Polar stratospheric clouds form almost exclusively at the South Pole

Light behaves like

both a particle and a wave

Provide the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for an aluminum atom with a mass of 27

13 protons, 14 neutrons, and 13 electrons

What differentiates a compound from a mixture of two or more elements?

A compound does not exhibit the individual properties of the elements of which it is composed

What are the three pillars of sustainability?

Environmental, social, and economic

What two factors are considered when determining the risk assessment for air pollutants?

Toxicity and exposure

On a periodic table, the columns with elements with similar properties are called

a group

A gasolines octane rating is a measure of the

purity of the gasoline

In the petroleum industry, what does a refinery do?

It separates crude oil into fractions consisting of compounds with similar boiling points

A polar covalent bond is created when

two atoms share their bonding electron unequally

predict the products of this reaction: KOH(Acid) + HNO3(Base)---→

KNO3 + H2O

Argon, which comprises almost 1 percent of the atmosphere, is approximately 27 times more abundant than CO2, but does not contribute to global warming. Which explanation accounts for the fact?

Single atoms do not have bonds, therefore do not vibrate

A chemical reaction accompanied by a release of energy is called a ____ reaction.

Exothermic

Which substance has the highest PH?

A lye solution

How many atoms are present in 0.375 mol of Palladium (Pd) atoms?

2\.26x10^23

Which covalent bond is the most polar?

H--O

The fact that carbon (C) is less electronegative than Nitrogen (N) means that in a C--N bond, the

shared electrons are closer to the N atoms than to the C atom

In an exothermic chemical reaction

Heat is released as the reaction proceeds

Which of the following has the highest boiling point?

Octane

Every increase of one PH unit indicates

10 times less hydrogen ions in the solution

Find the molar mass of ethanol, C2H6O (use periodic table for masses)

46\.07 g/m0l

The carbon cycle refers to the

movement of carbon through living organisms, the atmosphere, the sea, and the earth.

Numbers 1 through 4 are used to identify four different elements. Based on periodic table trends, which number identifies the element that is expected to have the greatest tendency to attract a shared pair of electrons?

3

The energy of motion is called _____ energy.

Kinetic

The pH of rain water falling through an unpolluted atmosphere is closest to

5\.4

1\.0 calorie is defined as exactly 4.184 J. Therefore 10.000 calories are exactly

41\.84 J

Which process plays the most important role in the greenhouse effect?

Energy radiated by the earth is absorbed by the atmosphere

What percentage of earths water is in the oceans?

97 percent

Which reaction most accurately represents the dissociation of nitrous acid (HNO2) in water?

HNO2 + H2O ---> H3O^+ +NO2^-

The process by which a solution is heated to its boiling point and the vapors are condensed an collected is known as

Distillation

the energy stored in the chemical bonds of fossil fuels is a form of ____ energy.

Potential

Which common process on earth is endothermic?

The production of oxygen by photosynthesis

Petroleum (crude oil) is a complex mixture of thousands of substances, the majority of which are

hydrocarbons

What is the mass of exactly 5 moles of Sulfur (atomic mass= 32.07 g/mol)

160\.35g

The first law of thermodynamics states that

energy is neither created or destroyed

bases produce which ions in an aqueous solution?

OH-

Electronegativity

is a measure of an atoms attraction for an electron in a chemical bond

Which atmospheric component does not contribute to global warming?

N2

The property of matter that determines the direction of heat flow is the

temperature

Which is a fossil fuel?

Natural Gas

The greenhouse effect refers to the process by which

atmospheric gases trap and return infrared radiation radiated by earth

Which of the following are forms of kinetic energy?

electrical energy

Which of these statements about biodiesel is NOT true?

biodiesel has been withdrawn from several states due to health concerns

What is the effect of the absorption of infrared energy on matter?

it increases the vibration of chemical bonds

Which shows the Lewis structure of water with the correct partial charge and nonbonding electrons?

A

Neither N2 or O2 are greenhouse gases because

their overall electric charge distribution does not change when they vibrate

Why is water a liquid at room temp instead of a gas?

Water has hydrogen bonds between the molecules

The attractions between anions and cations throughout a crystal are known collectively as

ionic bonds

What atmospheric component is responsible for the natural acidity of rain?

Carbon dioxide

Any chemical or physical change that absorbs energy

is an endothermic process

The drawing shows two water molecules. Which statements is correct?

A: Covalent bond; B: hydrogen bond; A is stronger

the energy that flows from a warmer body to a colder body is called

heat

From the information given, which statement is false?

Carbon is the most important element

What is meant by malnutrition?

The diet is lacking in proper nutrients, even though caloric intake may be sufficient

Which naturally occurring radioactive particles are negatively charged?

Beta Particles

Which statement describes what happens when oil and steer are mixed together?

Oil is non polar and water is polar and they do not mix

Which is the balanced equation for the fission of U-235?

235^ 92U + 1^ 0n --→ 87^ 35Br + 146^ 57La + 3 1^ 0n

What is an advantage of sous vide cooking?

The food is cooked to an exact temp

Higher altitudes have higher boiling points of water.

False

why is water a good solvent for cooking?

It has the ability to absorb significant amounts of heat before changing phase

Some smoothie bars have the option to add extra vitamin C to smoothies that already contain the daily recommended value. Vitamin C is a polar molecule. Why is it unnecessary to add more than 100 percent of vitamin C recommended values to food?

Vitamin C is water soluble and excess is passed as urine

The line drawings of two fatty acids are shown. Which structural feature do they have in common?

Carboxylic acid group (COOH)

In the famous equation E=MC^2, the symbols represent

E= energy M= mass C= speed of light

The half life of carbon-14 is 5730 years. If you started with 100.0 g of carbon-14, how much would remain after 4 half lives?

6\.25g

Which is NOT a polymer of glucose?

Cholesterol

What type of radiation is given off in this nuclear reaction? 210^ 84 Po --→ 206^ 82Pb + ____

Alpha

Which statement correctly describes starch and cellulose?

Starch and cellulose are both made from glucose but have different linkages

If you were worried about you cholesterol intake, which breakfast would you not eat?

Eggs fried in butter with bacon and white toast

Which naturally occurring radioactive particles are the size of a helium nucleus?

Alpha particles

What is the difference between a fat and an oil?

A fat is a solid, while an oil is a liquid at room temp

What factors determine how many calories per day a person needs?

health, level of activity, gender, age, and body size

Which is a common characteristic of both nuclear and conventional electric power plants?

steam turbines

Which butter has the highest percentage of polyunsaturated fat?

I can’t believe its not butter

Egg whites start out translucent and become white and solid only after heat is added. What type of change occurs when the egg turns white and solidify?

Chemical and physical

The basal metabolism rate (BMR) is

then minimum amount of energy required daily for your body to function

The Maillard reaction occurs at high temp and is a chemical reaction between proteins and sugars on the surface of the food.

True

More sugar can be dissolved in hot water than cold water because the kinetic energy of the water is increased when heat is added. This increased the umber of collisions with the sugar thus dissolving more of it.

True

Which if the following is NOT a benefit of using a vacuum bag when cooking sous vide?

The Maillard reaction can be achieved

What sort of energy is associated with energy from wind?

Kinetic energy

A chef in Denver and a chef in Tampa make the same recipe but he Denver chef has to modify the recipe. Why did the Denver chef have to modify the recipe?

The boiling point of water is lower at higher altitudes

All nine essential amino acids can be found in meat. By employing the nutritional principle of complementarity, a veteran gets all nine. What is complementarity?

combing foods that in their diets have all 9 essential amino acids

The fat soluble vitamins, A,D,E,K, are stored in lipid material. Which statement is false?

These vitamins do not have to be taken daily

Which statement describes how food is cooked using a microwave?

The food absorbs the microwaves and its molecules begin to rotate causing heat

Structurally, how are water soluble and fat soluble vitamins different?

water soluble vitamins contain polar groups, such as OH and fat soluble do not

A 120 pound person uses 3 calories per minute walking at a 20 minute/ mile pace. Approximately, how many miles would a person have to walk to burn off a scoop of ice cream (175 Calories)?

3\.0 Miles

Some short answers that weren’t super long are below

Water is a unique molecule. What are some properties of water that make it unusual?

When made into a solid it expands and floats.

Silver has an atomic number of 47, what is the difference between a silver atom atomic mass of 107 and a silver atom with Ana Tomic mass of 109?

The one with a mass of 107 has 60 neutrons and the one with a mass of 109 has 62 neutrons.

A student has 0.2 moles of NaCL and places it into a 500 mL flask. What its the molarity?

.2/500 mL x 1000mL/ 1L = .4 Molarity