Social Studies Final 8th grade

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery.

14th Amendment

Granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States

15th Amendment

Prohibited voting restrictions based on race, color, or previous condition of servitude (1870) this is not the amendment that allowed women to vote

Literacy Tests, Poll Taxes, Grandfather Clauses

Methods used by Southern states to restrict African American voting rights

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Established the "separate but equal" doctrine, justifying racial segregation.

Jim Crow Laws

Laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States.

Jacob Riis

Exposed living conditions of the urban poor.

Upton Sinclair

Exposed unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry with his book "The Jungle."

Theodore Roosevelt's Policy

Differentiated between "good" and "bad" trusts; aimed to control good trusts and break up bad ones.

Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Gloria Steinem

They were key figures in the fight for women's rights.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Theodore Roosevelt's policy; supported the Panamanian revolt to build the Panama Canal.

Imperialism

U.S. policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to expand influence overseas.

Immigration in the late 1800s-Early 1900s:

Rapid increase in immigration due to industrial growth and job availability.

Emma Lazarus poem “The New Colossus” can be found on the Statue of Liberty

Yellow Journalism

Sensationalist journalism used to influence public opinion, particularly during the Spanish-American War.

The most important part of Woodrow Wilson’s 14 Points centered around..

The creation of the League of Nations

A cultural movement in the 1920s

Highlighted African American contributions to art, music, and literature.

Flappers were a new type of woman, who wore these

“short” skirts, a lot of makeup and had short bobbed hair.

Hoovervilles

Makeshift homeless camps named after President Hoover, who was blamed for the economic crisis.

New Deal

Franklin D. Roosevelt's program to provide relief, recovery, and reform during the Great Depression.

Pearl Harbor Attack

December 7, 1941; led to the U.S. declaring war on Japan.

Most Americans wanted to remain neutral until the attack on Pearl Harbor

Home Front Efforts

Included victory gardens, rationing, scrap drives, and war bond drives.

The Nuremberg Laws took away…

Jewish citizenship in Germany

Jewish owned businesses and synagogues (Places of worship) were destroyed on…

Kristallnacht

Mass exterminations took place at..

the concentration camp at Auschwitz

Japanese Americans were eventually granted an apology by the federal government and granted money as a result of their…

Internment during WWII (During the Reagan Presidential Term)

Marshall Plan

U.S. initiative to aid Western Europe's economic recovery.

NATO

Military alliance formed to counter Soviet expansion (And contain Communism).

This was the closest we came to nuclear war with the Soviets

The Cuban missile crisis

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

Supreme Court decision that declared segregation in public schools unconstitutional.

Martin Luther King Jr. advocated

Civil rights through nonviolent civil disobedience.

Watergate Scandal

Led to President Nixon's resignation due to his involvement in the cover-up of illegal activities.

Pollution

Highlighted as a consequence of unchecked industrialization in the late 20th century.

Materialism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism

MAIN causes of WW1

Cattle trails

used to transport livestock from summer grazing areas in Texas to the railroads in kansas

U.S involvement in the Vietnam war

Began with helping France, Wanted to get involved because of the domino theory and thought other Asian countries would fall to communism. Congress passed Gulf of Tonkin resolution which gave president Johnson too much power and he continued sending troops over

Containent

American policy