language acquisition exam 4

literacy is best described as

a foundational skill and lifelong learning process

3 multiple choice options

literacy socialization refers to

social and cultural aspects of reading

3 multiple choice options

phonological awareness involves

understanding sound structures of language

3 multiple choice options

the logographic stage is also called

prereading stage

2 multiple choice options

the orthographic stage is characterized by

fluent reading and focus on meaning

2 multiple choice options

alphabet knowledge involves

naming letters

3 multiple choice options

failure to acquire emergent literacy skills may lead to

later literacy problems

3 multiple choice options

SLPs asess emergent literacy using

standardized tests and informal methods

3 multiple choice options

cultural competence requires

awareness of culture in service delivery

3 multiple choice options

ethnicity is

ever changing cultural construct

3 multiple choice options

dialectal variance refers to

non mainstream language variations

3 multiple choice options

a child is not considered language impaired if

they have strong skills in one language

3 multiple choice options

sequential bilinguals

learn one language at a time

3 multiple choice options

language mixing refers to

temporary transfer between languages

3 multiple choice options

an interpreter works with

oral language

3 multiple choice options

cultural bias in testing refers to

activities not matching experiences

3 multiple choice options

a communicative profile includes

strengths and needs across communication

3 multiple choice options

core vocabulary consists of

frequently used words

3 multiple choice options

scanning requires

sequential presentation of options

3 multiple choice options

AAC can

enhance communication and participation

3 multiple choice options

internal challenges to AAC include

medical and physical limitations

3 multiple choice options

learned helplessness refers to

reliance on others to communicate

3 multiple choice options

early AAC intervention

improves outcomes

3 multiple choice options

AAC intervention should be

language based and integrated

3 multiple choice options

literacy

best thought of as both a foundational skill of lifelong learning and a lifelong learning process; ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and compute using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts

emergent literacy

earliest observed skills and behaviors from which later reading and writing skills are shaped, observed in children 5 years and younger, large variance of skills largely due to home environment

literacy socialization

reflects the social and cultural aspects of reading that a child acquries by being a member of a literate society

literacy awareness

focuses on the specific knowledge about the lingusitic code that a child needs to master to become literate

literacy enriched homes

environments that promote reading and writing

literacy role modeling

adults and older siblings writing and reading regularly

print awareness, phonological awareness

preschoolers begin to learn what two kinds of emergent literacy skills that they expand and master through early grade school years?

print awareness

skills related to printed material

phonological awareness

understanding how meaninful words, phrases, and sentences are created by blending phonemes

3

most _____ year olds have some level of alphabet awareness

3, 5

most kids acquire print knowledge between ages ____ to ___

1st

children who enter ____ grade with limited emergent literacy skills likely have trouble learning, reading, and writing and need remediation to avoid falling behind peers

logographic, alphabetic, orthographic

reading development is described in what 3 stages?

logographic stage

prereading stage (6 months to 6 years), children learn to recognize printed words and pretend to read

alphabetic stage

ages 6-7 years, children learn how speech and orthography are related, spell spoken words, and read simple passages

orthographic stage

ages 7-8 years, children begin to read more fluently

phonics

a method for learning to read where letter-sound correspondence is emphasized

yes

can a child who can write words be simultaneously taught to read them?

boys

generally which gender lags behind in writing?

expressive, expository, narrative, persuasive, scientific

what are the genres of writing?

expressive writing

descriptions of personal experiences, preferences, views, etc.

expository writing

more objective, may describe historical or social episodes with a view to educate and inform the reader

narrative writing

objective description of events and experiences, always informational and sometimes entertaining

persuasive writing

discusses a controversial issue, writer may take a position on the issue and offer arguments to justify the position with facts

scientific writing

most objective type of writing and requires most formal instruction, follows certain rules of logic and organization

standardized test, informal procedures

how do SLPs assess emergent literacy skills?

design a home intervention program, collaborate with teachers, work with students

how can you intervene with literacy?

culture

refers to the behaviors, artifacts, and beliefs adopted by a person or group used to define their social identity, comproises explicit behaviors and implicit beliefs, gives shape to ethnicity and cultural heritage

ethnicity

ever changing cultural construct that forms the basis for a sense of social cohesion

cultural competence

sensitivity to differences, understanding the infuence of culture on service delivery

dialectal variance

pertains to the non mainstream production of a language at the sound, word, or syntax level

no

if the child demonstrates adequate language production in one of their languages, are they considered language impaired?

1

more than _____ in 5 people age 5 and older in the US spoke a language other than english at home from 2017-2021

simultaenous bilingualism

a child who has been exposed to two languages from an early age, requires balanced input in each language from an early age

sequential bilingualism

a child characterized by his exposure to a second language after developing a level of fluency in first language skills

early sequential bilingualism

sequential bilingualism that occurs in childhood, typically before age 6 or 7

late sequential bilingualism

sequential bilingualism that happens in older childhood or adulthood

yes

do simultaneous bilingual children produce morphosyntactic rules for each language as they are exposed at approximately the same rate and order as a monolingual child?

language mixing

refers to the use of a linguistic structure in the other language for a period of time when learning

interpretor

person specially trained to transpose oral or signed text from one language to another

translator

person trained to transpose written text from one language to another

no

is strict use of standardized tests recommended with bilingual children?

cultural bias

refers to the use of activities and items that do not correspond to the child's experiential base

objectivity

there tends to be a lack of ____________ when reporting results of informal testing

criterion referenced procedures

provide hte examiner with information that cannot be obtained from formal tests, can be tailored to the child's individual needs

ethnographic observations

allow the examiner to observe the child in various contexts and determine the level of competency

dynamic assessment

assesses child's current performance level and potential to learn

communicative profile

complete description of a child's strengths and needs in a variety of settings as arelated to the child's language comprehension and expression

begin

knowing whre a child falls on a range of development affects where a child will ________ along the intervention strategies

no

should cognitive development be the sole factor on determining eligibility of intervention services?

variable

the communicative experiences of a child with multiple disabilities are highly __________ and will ultimately depend on factors such as age and communication partners

vocalizations, gestures

children with multiple disabilities have a wide range of ______________ and ___________ used for communication

AAC

multimodal intervention approach that uses forms of communication such as sign language and communication boards; goal is to maximize language and communication for those with severe communication impairments

mode of communication, symbols, strategies, techniques

what are the 4 primary components of an AAC system?

mode of communication

the way in which an individual communicates

communication aid

a device whether electronic or non electronic that is used to transmit or receive messages

AAC technique

consists of the various ways in which messages can be transmitted

direct selection and scanning

selection techniques can be classified into what two broad categories?

direct selection

allows the user to communicate specific messages form a large set of options and includes techniques such as pointing, gesturing, and touching

scanning

technique where the messages are presented to the user in a sequence by either a person or an SGD

strategies

specific ways in which AAC aids, symbols, and techniques are used to develop and/or enhance communication efficiency and effectiveness

medical needs, physical ability, learned helplessness, challenging behavior

what are some internal challenges of successful AAC?

attitudes, lack of knowledge, enviornmental barriers, and opportunities for participation

what are some external challenges of successful AAC?

assessment

___________ is a critical component of AAC service delivery and provides the foundation for making intervention decisions for all individuals who require AAC intervention; explores the strategies and services that may help children fully participate in their environment

early

beginning AAC intervention as _______ as possible improves the life of hte child and reduces stress on the family

language comprehension

the ability to understand what is being said so that one can function as a listener in conversational exchanges

langauge production

the ability to express information so that one can function as a speaker in conversation exchanges

individualized

AAC intervention should be integrated within a framework of _____________ language interventions

2007

when did prof tracy earn her bachelor's degree?

2009-ole miss

when did prof tracy earn her masters degree and where from?