Latin Grammar Practice: §94–103

Flashcards covering Latin grammar sections 94 through 103, including relative clauses, participles, periphrastics, and various ablative/genitive uses.

Relative Clause of Characteristic

A clause that describes what kind of person or thing (a general type) rather than a specific one, recognized by the relative pronouns $qui$, $quae$, $quod$ and a verb in the SUBJUNCTIVE.

$nemo$, $aliquis$, $sunt\,qui$

Key signal words that often introduce a Relative Clause of Characteristic.

Participle

A verb that acts like an adjective, agreeing with the noun it describes in gender, number, and case.

Present Active Participle

A participle ending in $-ns$ or $-nt-$ that means "-ing" and indicates action happening at the SAME time as the main verb.

Perfect Passive Participle

A participle formed from the 4th principal part ending in $-us, -a, -um$ that means "having been ___" and indicates action happening BEFORE the main verb.

Future Active Participle

A participle ending in $-ūrus$ that means "about to ___" and indicates action happening AFTER the main verb.

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

A participle ending in $-ndus$ that means "must be done."

Attributive Participle

A participle that simply describes a noun, such as $vir\,currens$ ("running man").

Circumstantial Participle

A participle used to give extra information (Temporal, Causal, Concessive, or Conditional) that should be translated as a clause using words like "when," "because," "although," or "if."

Ablative Absolute

A mini-sentence in the ablative case consisting of a noun (ablative) and a participle (ablative) that provides background information and is not grammatically connected to the main sentence.

Active Periphrastic

A verb form consisting of the future active participle ($-ūrus$) + a form of $sum$ meaning "about to" or "going to."

Passive Periphrastic

A verb form consisting of the gerundive ($-ndus$) + a form of $sum$ meaning "MUST" or "HAS TO."

Dative of Agent

The case used with a Passive Periphrastic to show who must perform the action (e.g., $mihi\,hoc\,faciendum\,est$ - "I must do this").

Genitive of Description

A combination of noun + genitive + adjective meaning "of ___" (e.g., $vir\,magnae\,virtūtis$ - "a man of great courage").

Ablative of Description

A combination of noun + ablative + adjective meaning "with ___" (e.g., $vir\,magnā\,virtūte$ - "a man with great courage").

Ablative of Origin

An ablative noun, often with $ē/ex/dē$, meaning "from," "born from," or "descended from."