Ethnicity and Victimisation

Racist Victimisation

Occurs when picking a victim based on their race, ethnicity, or religion.

Stephen Lawrence

A black teenager whose murder in 1993 brought focus to issues of racist victimisation and police investigation handling.

Victim Surveys

Sources like the CSEW that provide information on racist victimisation.

Racist Incidents

Any incident perceived to be racist by the victim or another person.

Racially or Religiously Aggravated Offences

Offences where the offender is motivated by hostility towards members of a racial or religious group.

2014/15 Recorded Racist Incidents

54,000 incidents were recorded in England and Wales, mostly damage to property or verbal harassment.

CSEW Estimates for 2014/15

Estimated around 89,000 racially motivated incidents, indicating most go unreported.

Racially or Religiously Aggravated Offences in 2014/15

38,000 offences recorded, primarily harassment.

Prosecutions for Racially Aggravated Offences in 2014

8,600 people were prosecuted or cautioned.

Victimisation Risk by Ethnic Group (CSEW 2014/15)

Mixed ethnic backgrounds had a 27.9% risk of crime victimisation; blacks 18%, Asians 15.8%, whites 15.7%.

Reasons for Higher Victimisation Risk

Control agency presence, area conditions (poverty), age, and gender.

Sampson and Phillips on Racist Victimisation

State that it tends to be ongoing with repeated minor abuse and periodic violence, causing psychological impact.

Victim Responses to Victimisation

Include crime prevention measures like fireproof doors and self-defence campaigns.

MacPherson Inquiry Findings

Concluded that the police investigation of Stephen Lawrence's death was marred by incompetence, institutional racism, and poor leadership.

Deeply Ingrained Racist Attitudes

Attitudes and beliefs among individual police officers that contribute to problems in handling racist incidents.