Unit 4 Test

Delian League

after the battle of Platea, G drive P out and A and S form alliance

Cleruchy

Athenian ‘colony‘ set up in a rebellious city

Age of Pericles

represents commoners against elites

citizenship if both parents from Athens

Pericles

most prominent politician; contributed a lot financially

Painted Stoa

covered walkway/portica

public meeting place/shelter with paintings

Parthenon

temple dedicated to Athena; patron goddess

built by Phidias

The Long Walls

protect Athens from bandits

walled ports 5 mi away--still have sea access

Acropolis of Athens

was destroyed by Persians--Pericles’s biggest reconstruction

Propylaea

monumental gateway to the Acropolis

Erectheum

smaller temple to both Athena and Poseidon

Dionysia

annual festival honoring Dionysus

Archons judge--3 tragidies and 1 satyr (comidies judged 487 on)

Greek Theatres

up to 15k spectators

good acoustics

Skene

background where action took place

Characteristics of Greek Drama

strong intrapersonal conflict

dialouge>action; action takes place off stage

single day, single location

Aeschylus

father of tragedy

family conflict, love vs power

*The Persian, The Seven Against Thebes, Agamemnon*

Sophocles

tragedian: 120+ plays, 7 survived

Oedipus Rex

Sophocles; oracle says he will kill dad and marry mom #incestslay

Euripides

suffering > bravery and war

Medea

Euripides; kills boys to get revenge on ex hubby #girlboss

Aristophanes

father of comedy; makes fun of politics

Thucydides

*History of the Peloponnesian War*

exiled Athenian general; wandered around getting informaiton

Peloponnesian War

b/t Sparta and Athens; mainly over different leagues and power--Athenian control over Delian League

Peloponnesian League

Spartan alliance; Corinth MVP

Corcyra

Sparta releases prisoners and they join PL

483

Potidaea

Corinthian colony but DL member; A tells them to tear walls and expel Corinthians, they say no and call for military help

432, Athens wins

Beginning of Peloponnesian War

S calls a PL meeting, Corinth says Sparta should be more active or the league will break up

Uninvited Athenian ambassadors boast their wealth

Sparta declares war

Spartan strategy

invade land surrounding Athens, return to Spart monthly

Athenian strategy

Pericles’s 2 pronged:


1. hide behind long walls
2. launch surprise naval (?) attacks on Sparta

The Ten-Year War

stalemate

Elephant vs Whale metaphor

Elephant: Sparta, land

Whale: Athens, navy

Plague in Athens

430 BC, rats and mice, half of population dies #slay

Revolt in Mytilene

428

rebels against DL b/c S promises support

A navy stops it

What to do: execute everyone or just ringleaders?

Battle of Pylos

425

A has base at Pylos→raids

A wins

Battle of Amphipolis

424

S general Brasidias takes S farther than ever

A worries of DL members leaving and surrenders fast

Brasidas

Spartan general that takes army super far for Battle of Amphipolis

Peace of Nicias

supposed to be exchange and truce for 50 years, lasts 3 is

Alcibiades

rich young dumb stupid annoying why do finals exist Athenian that wanted fame and to restart the war

Battle of Mantinea

418

Argives crushed (Alcibiades helped)

S offended by A’s interference with PL and declares war!!!1!11!1!!!1!

Sicilian Expedition

415

conflict b/t Sicily and Syracuse

Alcibiades convinces Ekklesia that it’s moral obligation and they could gain resources if they went to help

they approve

night before army departs, herms destroyed and Alc blamed

after they reach Sicily, Alc recalled

scared he defects to Sparta, they let him in so he tells them to establish a fort outside of A, defeat navy, and encourage DL rebellion

then he goes back to A, says ‘if u give me my stuff and let me back in i’ll negotiate Persian entry into the war to help u guys!!!!1!1!!!! :D xD uwu‘

Athenian Defeat in Sicily

the Athenians lost idk what else to say

two year expedition: 415-413

Lysander

Spartan leader, got Athens to surrender after 27 years

Aegospotami

405

final battle, Spartans won

Athenian surrender (terms of surrender?)

27 years

tear down walls, destroy fleet, give up overseas territory

Thirty Tyrants

pro-Spartan oligarchy

killed 5% of population for stuff, and killed who openly spoke in favor of democracy

Thebes (early 4th century BC)

challenge and beat Sparta 4 times, liberate helots

A can rebuild walls and become prosperous again

Epaminondas

Epaminondas

Thebian general who challenged and beat Sparta 4 times

Battle of Sphacteria

425

S worries about runaway helots

hoplites set up camp, A triremes come and 120 S surrender--first S surrender ever