foundations milady

carbohydrates

needed for energy to run every function within the body

vitamins

required for normal metabolism

minerals

used by cells to produce important biochemicals

fats

needed for body functions including hormones, sebum productions and absorption of vitamins

protein

important for building muscle, blood tissue and cell repair

water

50 to 70 of body weight

patch test

predisposition test

acquired immunity

developed after over coming disease

OSHA

US department of labor to regulate and enforce safety and health standards to employees

SDS

16 category standard format doc. that replaces MSDS

EPA

registers all types of disinfectants sold and used in the US.

disinfectant

destroys most bacteria ; fungi, and virus on surfaces.

state regulatory agency

protects beauty professionals and costumers health and safety

transmission

pathogens move from person to person .

direct transmission

transmission of pathogens thorough touching, kissing, coughing or sneezing

indirect transmittion

occurs through contaminated object like a razor, exractor or nipper.

infectious disease

cased by pathogenic organism that enters body.

bacterial spores

bacteria capable of producing a protective coating

contagious disease

communicable; ringworm, conjunctivitis and viral infections

microorganism

microscopic

systemic infection

an infection where it has spread throughout the body

Mycobacterium

bacteria found in soil or water

tinea barbae

barbers itch

tinea capitis

fungal infection of the scalp

pediculosis capitis

head lice

scabies

contagious skin disease caused by itch mite; burrows under the skin

bio films

colonies of microorganisms that adhere to environmental surfaces as well as human body

antiseptic

chemical germicides formulated for use on skin

phenolic disinfectants

tb disinfectant

house hold bleach %

5.25 percent sodium hypochlorite effective disinfectant

chlorine

only bleach that disinfects

exposure incident

contact with bodily fluids (broken skin)

• stop service

• put on gloves

• apologize to client

Matter

any substance that occupies space and has mass (weight)

element

simplest form of chemical matter cannot be broken down without loss of identity

atom

basic unit of matter; nucleus at center negative electrons

electrons

move around nucleus in orbits

nucleus consists of

protons (pos charge) and neutrons (no charge)

molecules

chemical combination of two or more atoms

elemental molecules

contains two or more atoms of the same element

compound molecules

compounds; chemical combinations or two or more atoms with different elements

physical change

change in form or physical properties of substance

chemical change

change in chemical composition or makeup of a substance

solution

a stable uniform mixture or two or more substances

solute+solvent=solution

solute

substance that is dissolved in a solution

solute+solvent=solution

solvent

substance that dissolves the solute and makes solution

miscible

liquids mutually soluble they can be mixed and form a solution.

immiscible

liquids not capable of being mixed together to form a stable solution

suspension

unstable mixture of undissolved particles in a liquid

emulsion

an unstable mixture of two or more immiscible substances; will not stay mixed

emulsifier

ingredient that brings two normally incompatible material together binds and into uniform and stable mixture

surfactants

allows oil and water to mix or emulsify

ion

is a atom or molecule that carries electrical charge

ionization

separation of an atom or molecule into pos or neg ions

anion

neg electric charge

cation

pos electric charge

PH scale is:

mesures acidity and alkalinity of substances

PH of 7 is

neutral solution

PH below 7 is

acidic solution

PH above 7 is

alkaline solution

oxidizing agent

substance that releases oxygen ;hydrogen peroxide

reducing agent

substance that adds hydrogen to chemical compound or subtracts

electric current

flow of electricity along conductor

conductor

material that conducts electricity; copper

nonconductor

is a insulator that does not transmits electricity; rubber & cement

complete electric circuit

neg and pos electric currents from generating source through conductors and back to general source

direct curent

constant even flow current that travels in one direction only and is produced by chemical means

inverter

an apparatus that changes DC to AC

alternating current

AC rapid and interrupted current, flows one direction and then opposite direction

rectifier

apparatus that changes AC to DC

Volt

mesures pressure or force pushes electrical current foward through a conductor

Ampere

unit that measures the strength of an electric current

Milliampere

Current used for facial and scalp treatment

Ohm

unit that measures resistance of electric current

Watt

measures how much electric current is being used in on second

Kilowatt

1,000 watts

fuse

prevents excessive current from passing through circuit

circuit breaker

switch that automatically interrupts or shuts off an electric circuit first indication of overload

electrode

known as a probe; an applicator for DC from electrotherapy to clients skin

polarity

poles of electric current either pos or neg

anode is

pos electrode ; usually red

cathode

neg electrode ; usually black

iontophoresis

infusing water soluble products into skin w use of electrical current

cataphoresis

infuses acidic pos product into deeper tissues using galvanic current from pos pole towards neg pole

anaphoresis

infuses and alkaline (neg) product into tissue from neg pole towards pos pole.

desincrustation

process used to soften and emulsify grease deposits and blackheads in hair follicles

treats milia, comedones

microcurrent

an extreme low level of electricity that mirrors body natural electrical impulses

Tesla high frequency current

violet ray; thermal or heating producing current aw

wave length

distance between successive peaks of electromagnetic waves

waveform

measures distance of two wavelengths

visible light

electromagnetic spectrum that can be seen

invisible light

light at either end of the visible spectrum

ultraviolet light

abbreviated as UV light; invisible light that has a short wave length is less penetrating than visible light

infrared light

longer wave lengths penetrates deeper has less energy; produces more heat than visible light

catalysts

substances that speed up chemical reactions

light therapy

known as phototherapy; treats wrinkles, capillaries and pigmentation as well as for hair removal