Cardiovascular System: Heart

What valves divide the atrium and ventricles?

Atrioventricular Valves

what valves separate the heart from greater vessels?

Semilunar Valves

LAB RAT

Left AV valve Bicuspid, Right AV valve Tricuspid

What holds the AV valves open?

Chordae Tendinae

What anchors the chordae tendinae to the walls of the heart?

Papillary Muscle

What are the web-like muscle columns in the ventricles?

Trabeculae Carnae

Three Layers of the heart (starting outside)

Epicardium, Myocardium, Endocardium

What are the two fetal remnants of the heart?

Ligamentum arteriosum & Fossa Ovalis

Where are the auricles?

Superior surface of atrium

What is the pericardium?

Double layered sac to decrease friction around the heart

Three layers of a blood vessel

Tunica: intima, media, externa/adventitia

What are the three types of Artery?

Elastic, Muscular, Arteriole

What is the difference between the fibrous and serous pericardium

fibrous is the outer layer of dense connective tissue; serous is the double layered pericardial sac

What are the two layers of the serous pericardium

parietal & visceral

Which serous layer is in contact with fibrous pericardium

Parietal

What separates of the left and right heart?

cardiac septum

What is the left side of the heart referred to as?

systemic pump

What is the right side of the heart referred to as?

pulmonary pump

What is the decrease of chamber volume and increase of chamber pressure referred to as?

Contraction

What is the increase of chamber volume and decrease of chamber pressure referred to as?

relaxation

Pulmonary and systemic pumps work in ___

parallel

Where is the foramen ovale

Between the right and left atrium

Where is the ductus arteriosus

between pulmonary trunk and aorta

What is the driving force of the heart's conduction system?

Action potential

Two nodes of the heart

Sinoatrial & atrioventricular

which node initiates a heart beat?

SA node

What is the atrioventricular bundle?

Extension of AV node through interventricular septum

What are purkinje fibers?

extension of the AV bundles

What is the resting membrane potential?

-90 mV

What channel is the first opened from the initial depolarization?

voltage gated Na channels

What channels open shortly after Na channels?

K and Ca channels

Which ions are being let in during a depolarization?

Na & Ca

What channels close to initiate rapid repolarization?

K channels

What is the P wave in a ECG

Atrial depolarization

What is the QRS complex in an ECG

Ventricle depolarization & Atrial repolarization

What is the T wave in an ECG

Ventricle repolarization

What is systole

Contraction

What is diastole

relaxation

What do valves prevent

Backflow of blood

Cardiac valves during ventricle contraction

AV: closed ; SL: open

Cardiac valves during late ventricle relaxation

AV: open ; SL: closed

What changes between early and late ventricular systole

ventricle pressure compared to great vessel pressure

What is end diastolic volume

maximum blood held in a chamber

Cardiac valves during early ventricular diastole

AV: closed ; SL: closed

AV valve during atrial diastole is __

closed