Psych Personality

Personality

Personality

characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and acting

Free Association

method of exploring the unconscious where patient relaxes and say whatever is on his mind, psychoanalytic

Unconsciousness (Freud)

unacceptable motives and thoughts, unaware of processing, repressed desires

ID

fueled by pleasure principle, aims to satisfy basic sexual and aggressive drive

Ego

reality principle wants to satisfy ID in ways with realistic and long term pleasure

Superego

conscious and morality, considers real and ideal, often opposes ID

Oral Psychosexual Stage

0-18 months, pleasure center is mouth....biting, chewing, sucking

Anal Psychosexual Stage

18-36 months, focused on bowel and bladder elimination, control

Phallic Psychosexual Stage

3-6 years, pleasure zone is genitals, coping with sexual feelings, oedipus complex

Oedipus Complex

subconscious sexual desire to mom and jealousy of dad, more desire of relationship than sexual interaction

Latency Psychosexual Stage

6-puberty, dormant or suppressed sexual feelings

ex: girls have cooties

Genital Psychosexual Stage

puberty+, maturation of sexual interest

Identification in Psychosexualiy

coping with oedipus complex by joining sides with "oppressor", this is where gender idetity takes place

ex: if you cant beat them, join them

Fixation in Psychosexuality

when psychosexual stage is over or understimulated (conflict is unresolved) and develop behaviors from being stuck in the stage

Defense Mechanism

actions to reduce anxiety by distorting reality, ego's protection method, often sub concious

Repression

defense mechanism that pushes thoughts into subconscious to banish all anxiety, underlies all defense mechanisms

Regression

defense mechanism where you regress to infantile psychosexuality, comfort things from childhood

ex: baby blanket, thumb sucking when scared

Reaction Formation

defense mechanism where you are switching unacceptable impulses to acceptable ones

ex: fake smiling when you're mad

Projection

defense mechanism where you disguise your own threatening impulses by attributing it to others

ex: thief thinks everyone else is a thief

Rationalization

defense mechanism where you justify your problem

ex: an alcoholic says hey just drink because it is social

Displacement

defense mechanism where you are displaying unacceptable emotions on a more acceptable thing

ex: want to hit someone but you decide to go hit a ball

Denial

defense mechanism where you refuse to believe you have a problem

Sublimination

channeling frustration toward another goal, usually healthy

Carl Jung believed...

the unconscious held the collective unconscious

Collective Unconscious

shared and inherited memory from previous times and species to help guide us in survival

Projective Tests

personality tests and identification of random stimuli designed to trigger inner desires and thoughts

Rorschach Inkblot Test

famous projective test where people describe what they see in ink images, modernly disredited

False Consensus Effect

tendency to overestimate the extent of shared belief (projection)

ex: I can go over the speed limit because everyone else does

Terror Management Theory

death related anxiety, obsessed with their death

Thematic Apperception Test

people express their inner feelings through stories from random scenes

Abraham Maslow

hierarchy of needs, once needs are met you focus on another thing

Self Actualization

process of fulfilling potential

Self Transcendence

understanding meaning beyond ones self

Carl Rogers' 3 conditions for growth

genuineness, empathy, acceptance

Carl Rogers believed...

people are good unless growth was inhibited

Self Concept

central feature of personality

Myer Briggs Type Indicator

personality tests that defines you as a thinker, feeler...etc.

Factor Analysis

grouping traits based on commonality

Eysenck Personality Questionnaire

believed to be genetically influenced, categorized by 4 over arching traits-Extraversion/Introversion; Stability/Instability

Personality Inventories

in depth questionnaires designed to evaluate traits with agree/disagree questions

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Test

Starke Hathaway, originally developed to access and define emotional disorders but is used around the world now

Empirically Derived Test

testing a pool of items and then selecting the different ones and placing them in groups

Barnum Effect

accepting stock descriptions allowing you to truly believe them

ex: horoscopes

Big 5 Personality Factors

conscientiousness (reliability), agreeableness, neuroticism (excitability), openness, extraversion. (CANOE)

Neuroticism

emotional stability

What is the best way to determine personality?

studying it over time because your personality becomes more stable, not tests because of barnum effect

Reciprocal Determinism

the interaction of your mind, environment and behavior that influences personality

Personal Control

how we perceive the control in our environment, studied by correlation and experimentation

External Locus of Control

thinking that an outside forces beyond our control determine fate

Internal Locus of Control

thinking that you can control your own fate

Self Control

ability to control yourself and impulses in order to achieve greater reward in the future

Learned Helplessness

bad event-percieved lack of control-helpless behavior

ex: college, nursing homes, prison, depression

Self Efficacy

belief in yourself that you can succeed, it is a learned behavior and is psychology most studied topic

Strong Self Efficacy

views challenges as tasks, deeper interest, recover quickly from setbacks

Weak Self Efficacy

challenges are beyond capabilities, low confidence, focuses on negatives

Attributional Style

optimistic vs pessimistic

Positive Psychology

optimal human functioning, promotes stregnths

Self Reference Effect

we remember things better when connect an idea to a personal experience

Self

the center of personality

Possible Selves

perception of what you could become "rich self" "poor self"

Spotlight Effect

overestimating what others think of us

ex: you have a zit and you are embarrased but no one really notices (Thomas Gilovich)

Self Esteem

feeling of self worth

Self Serving Bias

thinking of yourself higher than others or better than average

Narcissism

excessive self love

Defensive Self Esteem

focuses more about what others think about them, failure and criticism are threatening, aggresssive

Secure Self Esteem

more accepting, less effected by external sources, greater quality of life

Psychoanalytic Personality Theory

Freud, emotional disorder are from the unconscious, unresolved conflict and defense mechanisms

Psychoanalytic Assessments

free association, projective tests, dream analysis

Psyhodynamic Personality Theory

Adler, Jung, Horney...the conscious and unconscious interact, childhood experiences and focuses on defense mechanisms

Humanistic Personality Theory

Rogers and Maslow, focuses on healthy striving of self actualization, self concept, self awareness, therapy

Trait Personality Theory

Allport, Eysenck, we have certain traits that are stable and influenced by genetics, big 5 and personality tests

Social Cognitive Personality Theory

Bandura, our traits and sociability interact to produce behavior, behavior assessment

self-efficacy

An individual's belief that he or she is capable of performing a task.

Gordon Allport's Trait Theory

People have central and secondary traits that make up personality. Cardinal traits are rare.

Paul Costa & Robert McCrae

Creators of the "Big Five" model of personality traits

Raymond Cattell (1905-1998)

British-born American psychologist who developed a trait theory that identifies 16 essential source traits or personality factors; also developed the widely used self-report personality test, the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF)

Eysenck's Theory

Personality is largely shaped by one's genes