Better ch 20 microbiology

Meningitis

infection/inflammation of the meninges

Serious forms of acute meningitis are caused by

bacteria

Typical symptoms of meningitis

photophobia, headache, painful or stiff neck,fever, increased WBC in CSF

Neisseria meningitidis

Also known as meningococcus

What does Neisseria meningitidis cause

the most serious form of acute meningitis

How many cases is Neisseria Meningitidis responsible for

14% of all meningits cases

Streptococcus pneumoniae is also known as

pneumococcus; it does not cause petechiae

How many vaccines are available for Streptococcus pneumoniae

2

Cryptococcus neoformans

fungus that can cause meningitis

If immune system is compromised in any way, what type of meningitis do you have a better chance of getting?

Cryptococcus neoformans

How is cryptococcus neoformans transmitted

through bird droppings

Listeriosis

affects the meninges, resulting in septicemia in the elderly or immunocompromsied patients, fetuses, and neonates

How is listeriosis transmitted

contaminated diary products, poultry, and meat

Cronobacter sakazakii

found in powdered infant formula

What is the mortality rate for Crobacter sakazakii

40 %

Encephalitis

inflammation of the brain

Naegleria fowler

amoeba that can enter the body through olfactory nerves

Where are Naegleria fowleri amoeba most found

warm, natural bodies of freshwater

Acanthamoeba

enter through breaks of skin and affect conjuctiva, lungs, and urogenital epithelia

What is the survival rate of Acanthamoeba

2% to 3 %

Toxoplasmois

caused by toxoplasma gondii; parasite

Where is toxoplasmosis found

birds and cats

Creutzfeldt Jacob Disease

caused by prions; spongiform encephalopathies; leads to form of dementia

Zika virus

transmitted by mosquitos

What are the effects of zika virus

baby might have abnormally developed nervous system; microcephaly

Rabies

slow, progressive, zoonotic disease characterized by fatal encephalitis

What are the two types of rabies

furious and Dumb rabies

What do both rabies types result to

coma phase

Poliomyelitis

infection of the spinal cord; can cause neuromuscular paralysis

Poliomyelitis is:

Neurotrophic- infiltrates the motor neurons of the anterior horn of the spinal cord

Tetanus

caused by clostridium tetani; Gram positive

Where can tetanus be found

soil and GI tracts of animals

Botulism

caused by exotoxin

What is Botulism associated with

eating poor processed foods

What are the three major types of botulism

Foodborne, infant, and wound botulism

African sleeping sickness

transmitted by tse tse fly

African sleeping sickness is _____ meaning it _____

trypanosoma brucei; lives in the blood

West Nile Virus

caused by mosquito bite