psych test 2

DAT way

dendrite axon terminal 

dendrites

primary input terminal

receives info from other neurons at receptor sites

receptor sites

sites on surface of dendrites

sensitive 2 neurotransmitters

axons

entire middle section

transmitting messages 2 other neurons

myelin sheath

fatty substance around axon

quicken speed comm

Glial cells

• Support neurons 

• Produce essential myelin

synaptic vesicles

• Sacs in terminal branches

• Contain neurotransmitters released into synapse

SSRIS or Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 

increase serotonin in brain

If you have depression, low firing of serotonin in your brain. Take an SSRI, change brain so that this fires and replicates neurotypical function 

like zoloft

synapse

gap between 2 neurons

neurons transmitted via electric or chemical signals

action potential

• A few mins needed in recovery or refractory period 

Brief electrical charge when neuron stimulate by another neuron 

sensory neurons

carry info 2 brain sensory organs, touch

motor neurons

movements

internuerons

layer between them

impulse between sensory and motor

nerves

bundle of neurons

CNS central nervous system

brain and spinal cord

main processing center

PNS peripheral

voluntary and involuntary movements

nerves outside of brain and spinal cord

autonomic nervous system

maintain homeostasis

parasympathetic and sympathetic

Parasympathetic

• Constrict pupils 

• Stimulate saliva

• Constrict airways

• Slow heartbeat

• Activity of stomach stimulation

• Inhibit balance of glucose 

• Stimulate activity of intestines 

• Constrict bladder

• Promotes erections 

Sympathetic nerves 

• Dilate pupils 

• Inhibit saliva 

• Change airways 

• Increase heartrate 

• inhibit stomach stimulation

• Stimulate balance of glucose 

• Inhibit activity of intestines 

• Relax bladder

• Promotes ejaculation and vaginal contractions (orgasm) 

fMRI 

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

safe imaging test that measures brain activity by detecting associated changes in blood flow

EEG test

electroencephalogram

find disorders

electrical activities

nervous system

100s billions cells brain to body

Endocrine system

chemical regulator of body’s hormones 

lesions

show whats missing

brain damages

frontal lobe

moral reasoning

feature detectors

detect movement

neuroimaging

fMRI brain scan uses magnetic field to show brain activity 

Nerves

Interconnected neurons fire together 2 carry message 

Spinal cord 

• Tubular bundle nerves and supporting cells 

• Sensory neurons - sensory ques

• Motor neurons

• - commands for muscles, brain 2 body

Reflex

• Spinal cord do own processing, bypass brain 

involuntary instant movement

Interneurons

central nervous system, connects motor and sensory neurons 

Peripheral nervous system 

• Links central system to body's sense receptors, muscles, glands

sections of peripheral

• autonomic

  • sympathetic

  • parasympathetic

• somatic

autonomic nervous system

controls internal responses

• Part of peripheral nervous system 

• Internal activities 

• Heart rate, breathing, arousal 

sympathetic

• Energizes body, ready 4 action

• Examples

  • Dilates pupils

  • Fast heartbeat 

  • Inhibits digestive activity

  • Stimulates glucose release

  • Stimulates secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine 

Parasympathetic

• Calms, rest body

• Contracts pupils

• Slows heartbeat

• Stimulates digestive activity 

somatic nervous system 

• controls external responses 

• Part of peripheral 

• External activities 

• Skeletal muscles, skin, sense organs 

endocrine system 

a complex network of glands and organs that produce and release hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate essential bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, reproduction, sleep, and mood

gland

group of cells secrete hormones

hormone

regulate emotions and behavior

Pituitary gland 

• Center of brain,, body's growth, sex hormones, ovulation, menstrual 

2 adrenal glands

• Balance salt and water, sex function, immune 

Ovaries

• Female sex bands 

• Secrete estrogen and progesterone, produce eggs 

Testes

Testosterone

synapses

neurons get separated by junction areas

neurogenesis

create new neurons

pons

• control movement 

2. Which of the following situations is most likely to involve the action of the parasympathetic nervous system? 

• After a satisfying evening meal, Callum relaxes in front of the television. 

3. Which alternative matches a hormone with the correct function? 

• estrogen—involved in the development of female sex features

4. What sets humans apart from other animals is our _______. 

• larger cerebral cortex 

5. For a person with no ______________, life would be like living in a strange world where everything new he or she experiences is forgotten. 

• hippocampus 

6. In general, a given nerve cell has synaptic connections with 

• thousands of other neurons

7. Receptor sites and neurotransmitters are often compared to _______. 

• a lock and key 

9. Which of the following brain structures relays signals to higher brain levels? 

• Thalamus 

The endocrine system is linked to the _________ in the brain, via the _______ gland. 

• hypothalamus; pituitary 

12. Testosterone is to male as _______ is to females.

• progesterone 

14. Below the frontal lobe is the _______ lobe. 

• temporal 

15. Arden’s heart rate and respiration are slowing, and her digestion is facilitated. Her _________ nervous system has become active. 

• parasympathetic 

heuristics

mental shortcut

intuitive judgments

concrete operational

self concept

schema containing knowledge about ourselves, including beliefs abt personality traits

authoritative