College Physics 2 Final UARK Study Guide

A special microscope allows you to choose the wavelength of light you use. If you have the choice of red or green, which one would you choose to see smaller details?

Green

The focal length of the lens of a simple digital camera is 4.3 mm, and it is originally focused on a building 1 km away. In what direction must the lens be moved to change the focus of the camera to a person 2.0 m away?

away from the image plane

moving the lens changes nothing.

The lens doesn't move.

towards the image plane

away from the image plane.

If the magnification of a lens-object arrangement is -0.62, the image is...?

inverted and smaller than the object

Spherical aberration of light through a converging lens is caused by:

Spherical aberration has not been observed.

Less focusing in the middle of the lens

Diffraction at the edge of the lens

Different index of refraction for different wavelengths

Less focusing at the edge of the lens

Less focusing in the middle of the lens

The index of refraction of a material is 1.5. This tells us the speed of light in that material is: (what is the formula)?

c/1.5

A single-slit diffraction pattern is formed on a distant screen. Assuming the angles involved are small, by what factor will the width of the central bright spot on the screen change if the slit width is reduced to 1/3 its original width?

It will become nine times as wide.

It will become three times as wide.

It will decrease to 1/3 of the original width.

The slit width does not affect the width of the central bright spot.

It will decrease to 1/9 of the original width.

It will become three times as wide.

Nearsightedness can be corrected with:

Diverging lenses

Converging lenses

Diverging lenses (think they're too close and need to be "diverged")

Farsightedness can be corrected with:

Diverging lenses

Converging lenses

Converging lenses (think they're too far and need to "converge")

A beam of light that is parallel to the optical axis strikes a converging mirror. What happens to the reflected beam of light?

It passes through the focal point of the mirror.

The image formed in a plane mirror is?

virtual and behind the mirror (you can't take a picture of a reflection, the camera would get in the way of the image, so it's not real)

Light in air reflects off the surface of a puddle of water. Is the phase of the reflected wave different than the incoming wave?

Yes. It is shifted by ½ a wavelength.

Light travels from air into oil. The angle of refraction will be:

There is not enough information to say.

greater than the angle of incidence.

equal to the angle of incidence.

less than the angle of incidence.

less than the angle of incidence.

For relaxed viewing with a microscope, the eyepiece is adjusted to place the final image at:

Infinity

A single source creates two beams of light with a wavelength of 500 nm. The beams travel two different paths to the same point. The lengths of the paths differ by 7500 nm. What is seen at that point?

Constructive Interference

The critical angle for a beam of light passing from water into air is 48.7°. This means that all light rays with an angle of incidence in the water that is greater than 48.7° will be:

totally reflected at an angle equal to the incident angle

totally transmitted through the interface.

totally reflected at an angle larger than the incident angle.

totally absorbed by the water.

totally reflected at an angle smaller than the incident angle

totally reflected at an angle equal to the incident angle

As light travels from a material with n=1.3 into a material with n=2.1, what happens to the wavelength and frequency of the light?

wavelength decreases and frequency is constant.

wavelength and frequency are the same.

wavelength and frequency increase.

wavelength and frequency decrease.

wavelength increases, and frequency is constant.

wavelength decreases and frequency is constant.

A negatively charged plastic rod is brought close to (but does not touch) two neutral metallic spheres that are in contact with each other but insulated from the ground. The two spheres are separated before the rod is removed, what kind of charge will be on the spheres?

The sphere near the charged rod will be positive and the other one will be negative.

An electron is placed at rest in a uniform electric field. After it is released, what can be said about the motion of the electron and its energy?

It moves in the direction opposite the electric field, toward increasing kinetic energy

When a current flows through an ionic fluid containing both positive and negative ions, such as salt water, the moving charges are

positive and negative ions in opposite directions.

A capacitor is connected to a battery until it has charge Q. It is then disconnected from the battery, maintaining the charge on each plate. A dielectric material is then placed between the plates. Which of the following is true?

The charge increases and the potential difference increases.

The capacitance and the charge increase.

The capacitance, charge, and potential difference increase.

The capacitance is constant and the potential difference decreases.

Correct:

The capacitance increases and the potential difference decreases.

The capacitance increases and the potential difference decreases.

Two glass rods are 20 cm long. One has a radius of 2.2 cm and the other has a radius of 1.1 cm. If wires are attached to the ends, which rod will produce the larger resistance?

The narrower one (1.1cm)

A positively charged steel rod is brought in contact with an initially neutral metallic sphere that is insulated from ground. It is in contact with the sphere for a few seconds, and then is separated from the sphere by a small distance. After the rod is removed, it is:

Attracted

Repelled

No Force

Repelled

Consider two silver wires of equal cross-sectional area. One wire is twice as long as the other. How do the resistivities of these two wires compare?

Equal resistivity. Resistivity is property dependent on material type.

A solid silver cube rests on a wooden table in a region where a uniform external electric field is directed horizontally from left to right. What can be said concerning the charge on the left-hand surface of the cube?

Negatively charged

The electron-volt is a unit of

Energy

Two tiny beads are 3 cm apart with no other charges or fields present. Bead A carries -4 µC of charge and bead B carries -8 µC. Which one of the following statements is true about the magnitudes of the electric forces on these beads?

The force on A is 32 times the force on B.

The force on B is 2 times the force on A.

The force on A is 2 times the force on B.

The force on B is 32 times the force on A.

The force on A is exactly equal to the force on B.

The force on A is exactly equal to the force on B

A capacitor is connected to a battery and charged to Q. A dielectric is inserted in the capacitor while it is connected to the battery. Which of the following is true?

The capacitance, charge, and potential difference increase.

The capacitance increases and the potential difference decreases.

The capacitance is constant and the potential difference decreases.

The charge increases and the potential difference increases.

The capacitance and charge increase.

The capacitance and charge increase. potential difference decreases.

You have two aluminum wires with the same radius but different lengths, 1 m and 5 m. How does the resistance of the 5 m wire compare to the 1 m wire? The resistance of the 5 m wire is...?

Higher than the 1m wire (5x)

A parallel plate capacitor has horizontal plates. The bottom plate has a positive charge, and the top plate has a negative charge. What is the direction of the electric field in the capacitor?

Up (electric field flows positive to negative)

A proton is placed at rest in a uniform electric field. After it is released, what can be said about the motion of the proton and its energy?

It moves in the direction of the electric field, toward decreasing potential energy

A capacitor initially has a charge Q on it. As the charge is increased to 5Q what happens to the capacitance and the electric field between the plates?

The capacitance is constant and the electric field increases

Kirchhoff's junction rule is a statement of

The law of conservation of charge

A circuit consists of a capacitor C and a resistor R connected in series with a battery and an open switch. A second capacitor of capacitance C is connected in parallel with the first one. How does the total capacitance and the time constant of the circuit change with the addition of the second capacitor?

Both capacitance and the time constant increase (r = RC)

(parallel capacitors increase total capacitance)

An electron is moving to the left in a magnetic field pointing toward the bottom of this page. What direction is the resulting force on the electron?

Into the page (use right hand rule, then reverse it because it's an electron)

Two loops of wire are parallel to each other and close to each other. They have current passing through them in opposite directions. If the loops are free to move what will happen?

Repel each other

A straight bar magnet is initially 12 cm long, with the north pole on the left and the south pole on the right. If you cut the magnet in half, the left half will...?

North pole on the left, south pole on the right

Two long parallel wires are placed side-by-side on a horizontal table. If the wires carry current in the same direction, Will they attract, repel, or neither?

Attract

A moving charged particle is observed to experience no magnetic force. From this what is the most accurate conclusion about the fields in the space through which the particle moves?

Either no magnetic field exists, or the particle is moving parallel to the field.

As more resistors are added in parallel across a constant voltage source:

The current in the circuit increases and the power supplied by the source increases.

The current in the circuit decreases and the power supplied by the source increases.

The current in the circuit decreases and the power supplied by the source decreases.

The current in the circuit increases and the power supplied by the source decreases.

The current in the circuit increases and the power supplied by the source increases.

Six identical resistors, R, are connected in series across a battery. What is the equivalent resistance in the circuit?

6R. in series = R1+R2+R3 etc...

If the wavelength of a photon is reduced to 1/3 of the original wavelength, what happens to its frequency and energy?

Frequency and energy do not change.

Frequency increases and energy decreases.

Frequency and energy increase.

Frequency decreases and energy increases.

Frequency and energy decrease.

Frequency and energy increase.

A photon of violet light and a photon of green light are traveling in vacuum. The photon of green light:

has a longer wavelength than a photon of violet light and travels with a slower speed.

has a longer wavelength than a photon of violet light and travels with the same speed.

has a shorter wavelength than a photon of violet light and travels with a slower speed.

has a shorter wavelength than a photon of violet light and travels with the same speed.

has a longer wavelength than a photon of violet light and travels with the same speed.

An aluminum loop lies flat on a horizontal surface. A bar magnet is held above the center of the loop with its north pole closest to the loop. If the magnet is moved closer to the loop from this position, what is the direction of the induced current in the loop, as viewed from above as the magnet is moving?

Counterclockwise

An aluminum loop lies flat on a horizontal surface. A bar magnet is held above the center of the loop with its South pole closest to the loop. If the magnet is moved closer to the loop from this position, what is the direction of the induced current in the loop, as viewed from above as the magnet is moving?

Clockwise (the magnetic field is attracted to the south pole, creating a current in the opposite direction)

An aluminum loop lies flat on a horizontal surface. A bar magnet is held above the center of the loop with its north pole closest to the loop. If the magnet is moved further from the loop from this position, what is the direction of the induced current in the loop, as viewed from above as the magnet is moving?

Clockwise

An aluminum loop lies flat on a horizontal surface. A bar magnet is held above the center of the loop with its South pole closest to the loop. If the magnet is moved further from the loop from this position, what is the direction of the induced current in the loop, as viewed from above as the magnet is moving?

Counterclockwise

Which one of the following types of electromagnetic wave travels through space the fastest?

microwaves

gamma ray

visible

radio waves

They all travel at the same speed.

A conducting loop lies flat on a tabletop in a region where the magnetic field vector points straight up. The magnetic field increases in strength continuously. When viewed from above, what is the direction of the induced current in this loop as the field changes?

clockwise

Five identical capacitors are connected in series to a potential source (battery). If a charge of Q flows into this combination, how much charge does each capacitor carry?

Q

A single source creates two beams of light with a wavelength of 600 nm. The beams travel two different paths to the same point. The lengths of the paths differ by 900 nm. What is seen at this point?

Constructive interference

Destructive interference

Destructive interference

The critical angle for a beam of light passing from a type of plastic into the air is 38.7 degrees. this means that all light rays with an angle of incidence in the plastic that is greater than 38.7 degrees will be

Totally transmitted through the interface

Totally reflected at an angle equal to the incident angle

totally absorbed by the plastic

Totally reflected at an angle equal to the incident angle

Light is travelling from plastic into air perpendicular to the interface. At the interface some of the light is reflected. How does the reflected wave compare to the incident angle?

It is the same

A special microscope allows you to choose the wavelength of light you use. If you have the choice of blue or orange, which one would you choose to see smaller details?

Blue (ROYGBIV)

A beam of light that is parallel to the optical axis strikes a diverging mirror. What happens to the reflected beam of light?

None of these are correct

It is parallel to the optical axis

It is perpendicular to the optical axis

It appears to be coming from the center of curvature of the mirror

None of these are correct

Light travels from glass into air. The angle of refraction will be

Less than the angle of incidence

Greater than the angle of incidence

Greater than the angle of incidence

The index of refraction of a material is 2.5. This means the speed of light in the material is...?

c/2.5

As light travels from a material with n=2.1 into a material with n=1.2, what happens to the wavelength and frequency of the light?

wavelength increases and frequency is constant

Chromatic aberration of a converging lens is caused by...?

Different index of refraction for different wavelengths

A single-slit diffraction pattern is formed on a distant screen. Assuming the angles involved are small, by what factor will the width of the central bright spot on the screen change if the slit width is halved?

It will double

The focal length of the lens of a simple digital camera is 5.7mm, and it is originally focused on a flower 1.5m away. In what direction must the lens be moved to change the focus of the camera to a tree 100 m away?

towards the image plane

If the magnification of a lens object arrangement is -2.1, the image is...?

Inverted and larger than the object

Farsightedness can be corrected with ____________ mirrors

Converging mirrors

Two long parallel wires are placed side-by-side on a horizontal table. If the wires carry current in the same direction, what will happen?

The wires will attract

Two long parallel wires are placed side-by-side on a horizontal table. If the wires carry current in opposite directions, what will happen?

The wires will repel each other

A circuit consists of a capacitor C and a resistor R connected in series with a battery and an open switch. A second capacitor of capacitance C is connected in parallel with the first one. How does the total capacitance and the time constant of the circuit change with the addition of the second capacitor?

Both increase

Which of the following are basic postulates of special relativity? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A) Nothing can travel faster than the speed of light.

B) No material object can be accelerated to the speed of light.

C) The speed of light is the same for all observers.

D) The laws of physics are the same in all reference frames.

E) The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames.

The speed of light is the same for all observers; The laws of physics are the same in all inertial reference frames

If you were in a spaceship traveling close to the speed of light with respect to Earth, you would notice that

A) some of your physical dimensions were smaller than normal.

B) your mass was less than normal.

C) your mass was greater than normal.

D) your pulse rate was greater than normal.

E) none of the above effects occur.

None of the above effects occur

Observer A sees a pendulum oscillating back and forth in a relativistic rocket and measures its period to beTA. Observer B moves along with the rocket and measures the period of the pendulum to be TB. What istrue about these two time measurements?

A) TA > TB

B) TA = TB

C) TA < TB

D) TA could be greater or smaller than TB depending on the direction of the motion.

TA > TB

A 30-year-old astronaut goes off on a long-term mission in a spacecraft that travels at speeds close to that of light. The mission lasts exactly 20 years as measured on Earth. At the end of the mission, the astronaut's age would be

A) more than 50 years.

B) exactly 50 years.

C) less than 50 years.

D) exactly 30 years.

E) exactly 25 years

Less than 50 years

A really high-speed train moves in a direction parallel to its length with a speed that approaches the speed of light. The height of the train, as measured by a stationary observer on the ground,

A) approaches infinity.

B) approaches zero.

C) increases slightly.

D) decreases slightly.

E) does not change due to the motion

does not change due to the motion

A really high-speed train moves in a direction parallel to its length with a speed that approaches the speed of light. The length of the train, as measured by a stationary observer on the ground,

A) approaches infinity.

B) increases due to the motion.

C) decreases due to the motion.

D) is not affected by the motion.

decreases due to the motion

The special theory of relativity predicts that there is an upper limit to the speed of an object. It therefore follows that there is also an upper limit on which of the following properties of the object? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A) The kinetic energy of the object.

B) The total energy of the object.

C) The linear momentum of the object.

D) None of the above

None of the above

Two sources emit beams of microwaves. The microwaves from source A have a frequency of 10 GHz, andthe ones from source B have a frequency of 20 GHz. This is all we know about the two beams. Which of thefollowing statements about these beams are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A) Beam B carries twice as many photons per second as beam A.

B) A photon in beam B has twice the energy of a photon in beam A.

C) The intensity of beam B is twice as great as the intensity of beam A.

D) A photon in beam B has the same energy as a photon in beam A.

E) None of the above statements are true

A photon in beam B has twice the energy of a photon in beam A.

Two sources emit beams of light of wavelength 550 nm. The light from source A has an intensity of 10μW/m2, and the light from source B has an intensity of 20 μW/m2. This is all we know about the two beams. Which of the following statements about these beams are correct? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A) Beam B carries twice as many photons per second as beam A.

B) A photon in beam B has twice the energy of a photon in beam A.

C) The frequency of the light in beam B is twice as great as the frequency of the light in beam A.

D) A photon in beam B has the same energy as a photon in beam A.

E) None of the above statements are true.

Beam B carries twice as many photons per second as beam A., A photon in beam B has the same energy as a photon in beam

A blue laser beam is incident on a metallic surface, causing electrons to be ejected from the metal. If the frequency of the laser beam is increased while the intensity of the beam is held fixed,

A) the rate of ejected electrons will decrease and their maximum kinetic energy will increase.

B) the rate of ejected electrons will remain the same but their maximum kinetic energy will increase.

C) the rate of ejected electrons will increase and their maximum kinetic energy will increase.

D) the rate of ejected electrons will remain the same but their maximum kinetic energy will decrease.

the rate of ejected electrons will decrease and their maximum kinetic energy will increase.

Monochromatic light falls on a metal surface and electrons are ejected. If the intensity of the light is increased, what will happen to the ejection rate and maximum energy of the electrons?

A) greater rate; same maximum energy.

B) same rate; greater maximum energy.

C) greater rate; greater maximum energy.

D) same rate; same maximum energy.

greater rate; same maximum energy.

If the wavelength of a photon in vacuum is the same as the de Broglie wavelength of an electron, which one is traveling faster through space?

A) The electron because it has more mass.

B) The photon because photons always travel through space faster than electrons.

C) They both have the same speed.

The photon because photons have no mass

If a proton and an electron have the same speed, which one has the longer de Broglie wavelength?

A) the electron

B) the proton

C) It is the same for both of them

the electron

Which of the following actions will increase the de Broglie wavelength of a speck of dust? (There could be more than one correct choice.)

A) Increase its mass.

B) Increase its speed.

C) Decrease its mass.

D) Decrease its speed.

E) Decrease its momentum.

Decrease its mass. Decrease its speed. Decrease its momentum.

Protons are being accelerated in a particle accelerator. When the energy of the protons is doubled, their de Broglie wavelength will

A) increase by a factor of 4.

B) increase by a factor of 2.

C) decrease by a factor of 2.

D) increase by a factor of (Square root of 2)

E) decrease by a factor of (Square root of 2)

decrease by a factor of (Square root of 2)

A proton and an electron are both accelerated to the same final kinetic energy. If λp is the de Broglie wavelength of the proton and λe is the de Broglie wavelength of the electron, then

A) λp > λe.

B) λp = λe.

C) λp < λe.

λp < λe.

To which of the following values of n does the longest wavelength in the Balmer series correspond?

A) 3

B) 5

C) 1

D) 7

E) ∞ (very large)

3

To which of the following values of n does the shortest wavelength in the Balmer series correspond?

A) 3

B) 5

C) 7

D) 1

E) ∞ (very large)

∞ (very large)

The energy difference between adjacent orbit radii in a hydrogen atom

A) increases with increasing values of n.

B) decreases with increasing values of n.

C) remains constant for all values of n.

D) varies randomly with increasing values of n

decreases with increasing values of n.

The orbital angular momentum quantum number can take which of the following values for any given value of the principal quantum number, n?

A) ℓ = 0, 1, 2, . . .

B) ℓ = 0, 1, 2, . . . , n

C) ℓ = 0, 1, 2, . . . , (n - 1)

D) ℓ = 1, 2, 3, 4, . . .

E) ℓ = 1, 2, 3, 4, . . ., (n + 1)

ℓ = 0, 1, 2, . . . , (n - 1)

The orbital angular momentum quantum number ℓ can have any integer value ranging from

A) 0 to n.

B) 0 to (n-1).

C) 1 to n.

D) 1 to (n+1).

E) -n to n.

0 to (n-1)

What is the atomic number of a neutral atom that has an electron configuration of 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p2?

A) 5

B) 11

C) 14

D) 20

14

If n = 5, which one of the following is not an allowed magnetic quantum number m1?

A) 0

B) 2

C) 4

D) 5

5

Consider ground-state helium having two electrons in orbit. If one of the electrons has quantum numbers (n, ℓl, m1, ms) of 1, 0, 0, -1/2 respectively, the quantum numbers for the other electron will be

A) 1, 1, 0, -1/2.

B) 1, 0, 0, +1/2.

C) 1, 1, 1, +1/2.

D) none of the given answers.

1, 0, 0, +1/2.