ITEC 106 Lesson 2

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Last updated 9:00 AM on 4/16/26
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13 Terms

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In the early 1990s:

  • Websites were text-heavy

  • Very little styling

  • HTML controlled both structure and presentation

  • Designers used <font>, <center>, and tables for layout

CSS

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proposed CSS in 1994 and worked with World Wide Web Consortium W3C

Håkon Wium Lie

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Proposed CSS Goals:

  • Separate content (HTML) from design (CSS)

  • Make websites easier to maintain

  • Improve consistency across browsers

The Birth of CSS (1994–1996)

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Released by the W3C in 1996 and was the 1st official CSS recommendation.

Features included:

  • Font properties

  • Text styling

  • Colors

  • Basic box model

  • Simple selectors

CSS Level 1 (1996)

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introduced major improvements.

Features included:

  • Positioning (absolute, relative, fixed)

  • Z-index

  • Media types (screen, print)

  • More advanced selectors

CSS Level 2 (1998)

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  • Major competition between browsers

  • Different CSS implementations

  • Developers had to write “hacks” for compatibility

Browser Wars Era (Late 1990s-Early 2000s)

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  • Fix inconsistencies

  • Clarify specifications

  • Improve browser compatibility

CSS 2.1 (2011)

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Instead of releasing CSS3 as one big update, the W3C split it into modules. This allowed features to be released gradually.

Examples:

  • Selectors Level 3

  • Backgrounds and Borders

  • Animations

  • Transitions

  • Flexbox

  • Media Queries

CSS3 – Modular Improvement

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  • Animations

  • Transitions

  • Rounded corners (border-radius)

  • Shadows

  • Gradients

  • Flexbox

  • Media Queries (Responsive design)

Major CSS3 Innovations

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Today, CSS includes:

  • Flexbox

  • CSS Grid

  • Variables (Custom Properties)

  • Advanced selectors

  • Responsive design techniques

  • Improved browser compatibility

Modern CSS

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Websites are now:

  • Interactive

  • Responsive

  • Visually advanced

  • Mobile-friendly

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W3C continues to:

  • Develop web standards

  • Improve CSS modules

  • Ensure browser consistency

  • Maintain documentation

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Why CSS Continues to Evolve

The web changes due to:

  • New devices are created (phones, tablets, smart TVs)

  • Users expect better design

  • Accessibility standards improve

  • Performance requirements increase