APUSH Unit 8.2-8.4 Quiz

Iron Curtain

Metaphor used by Winston Churchill to refer to the division of US allies in Western Europe and the countries under Soviet control in Eastern Europe

George Marshall

Secretary of State General who formulated and promoted the containment policy to control the spread of Communism and the Marshall Plan to aid Western European countries

Truman Doctrine

President Truman asked Congress for $400M in economic and military aid to help free the people of Greece and Turkey, who were under totalitarian governments.

Marshall Plan

Provided $12B to aid Western European countries to help revive their economies and strengthen their democratic governments

Republic of Germany

West Germany, US ally

German Democratic Republic

East Germany, under Soviet regime

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NATO, a military alliance for defending all members from outside attacks, forming a system of collective security

Warsaw Pact

Military alliance for the defense of the Communist states of Eastern Europe, formed by the Soviet Union in response to NATO

National Security Act

1. Centralized the Department of Defense to coordinate operations of the Army, Navy and Air Force

2. Created the National Security Council to coordinate the making of foreign policy

3. Created the CIA

Chiang Kai-shek

Leader of the Chinese Nationalist party, and led them to Taiwan after the Chinese Civil War

Mao Zedong

Led the Chinese Communist Party, ruled the People’s Republic of China

38th parallel

Where Korea was divided into the North and South after Japanese control was removed

Kim Il Sung

Communist ruler of North Korea

Dwight D. Eisenhower

Former army General who became the Republican president after Truman. Led an aggressive foreign policy and focused on modern Republicanism. Expanded Social Security, created the Interstate Highway System, and advocated for civil rights

John Foster Dulles

Eisenhower’s Secretary of State, advocated for more atomic warfare and air power as means for ending Soviet control in Eastern Europe. Believed in brinkmanship, or pursing dangerous foreign policy until the threat of attack was imminent before stopping

Nikita Khrushchev

Soviet Leader after the death of Joseph Stalin; supported a peaceful coexistence with the West, but supported the construction of the Berlin Wall and the Cuban Missile Crisis

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA, was created to direct US efforts to building missiles and exploring outer space. Raced against Russia in the “sputnik”

Fidel Castro

Overthrew the dictator of Cuba and set up a totalitarian regime, in support of the Soviet Union and Marxism. Nationalized American-owned businesses in Cuba, losing US relations as a result

Bay of Pigs

Cuban exiles trained by the CIA in attempts to overthrow the Cuban government, but were forced to surrender after being trapped on a beach, and President Kennedy refused to send US forces to save them

Cuban Missile Crisis

Fidel Castro was inviting Soviets to build underground missile sites that were able to quickly reach the US that was found by US intelligence; resulted in the creation of a telecommunication hotline between Washington and Moscow for direct communication during a crisis

Nuclear Test Ban Treaty

Signed between almost 100 nations to end the testing of nuclear weapons in the atmosphere

Henry Kissinger

Nixon’s national security advisor, strengthened US position in the world by taking advantage of the rivalry between the Soviet Union and China. Created a pragmatic foreign policy and reduced Cold War tensions

Joseph McCarthy

Republican senator most well known for accusing over 200 federal government workers of being Communist. Known for McCarthyism and capitalized on national fears of Communism and Soviet spies in the government, or the “red scare”

Employment Act of 1946

Created the Council of Economic Advisors to advise the president and Congress on promoting national economic welfare

Servicemen’s Readjustment Act

Also called the GI Bill, helped returning soldiers receive education and vocational training, and were given loans to buy homes and to start businesses

22nd Amendment

limited presidents to two terms in office

Taft-Hartley Act

Outlawed closed shop policies, required workers to join unions after being hired (right to work), outlawed secondary boycotts, and required workers to sign documents to prove they were not Communists

Fair Deal

President Truman urged Congress to enact national health insurance, federal aid to education, civil rights legislations, funds for public housing, and a new farm program. However, many of these bills were vetoed by Congress

Oveta Culp Hobby

First director of the Women’s Army Corps, and first secretary of the Department of Heath, Education, and Welfare

Highway Act of 1956

Authorized the construction of 42,000 miles of interstate highways linking all the nation’s major cities; created to improve national defense to quicken the movement of weaponry and soldiers in the case of Soviet invasion. Created jobs and promoted the growth of suburbs

New Frontier

President Kennedy’s domestic and foreign policy plans; called for education aid, federal support of health care, urban renewal, and civil rights.

Great Society

President Johnson’s domestic program aimed at eliminating poverty and racial injustice. Included programs like Medicare and Medicaid, Educational Acts, and the Departments of Transportation and Housing and Urban Development

New Federalism

Revenue sharing; Congress gave local governments $30B in block grants over five years to address local needs as they saw fit and to return responsibility to the states, rather than using federal funds and helping to check the growth of the federal government

detente

deliberate reduction of Cold War tensions

Strategic Arms Limitations Talks

US diplomats conversing with Soviets to agree on freezing the number of ballistic missiles carrying nuclear warheads. Did not end the arms race, but helped lessen tensions from the Cold War

Dennis et al. v. United States

Upheld the constitutionality of the Smith Act, which made it illegal to overthrow the government or belong to an organization with that objective

HUAC

The House Un-American Activities Committee. Originally established to seek out Nazis, but came back during the Cold War to find Communists

Alger Hiss

A well-known official in the State Department who gave assistance to President Roosevelt during the Yalta Conference; faced Communist accusations and accusations of giving secret documents to Communists within the federal government

Rosenberg Case

Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, two Communists who were found guilty of giving atomic technology to Soviet Russia, tried for treasonand executed via the electric chair

Sun Belt

The southern states of the US, from California to Florida, that had lower taxes, warmer climates, and economic opportunities for White families wanted to leave large cities that had been integrated with African Americans as a result of the Great Migration.

Trade Expansion Act

authorized tariff reductions with the new Common Market of Western Europe

stagflation

little economic growth and activity with high inflation and unemployment