statistics: 5.3 ANOVA

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Last updated 2:48 PM on 6/22/26
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7 Terms

1
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what is ANOVA and its function? 2 pts

analysis of variance and is used to see differences between more than two groups
(note: t-tests are only valid for paired or independent data)

2
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what is a factor is ANOVA? 1 pt

the grouping variable that is composed of different levels/subcategories

3
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types of ANOVA: one-way? 6 pts

  1. used when we have one categorical variable/factor with three or more distinct groups/levels

  2. if the variablility between groups is larger than the variability within groups we assume that there is an effect in the different treatments or conditions

  3. does not tell you what the difference is but only highlights the fact that there is a difference between groups

  4. uses f statistics: variance between groups/variance within groups

  5. large f means groups are far apart while a small f means groups are close together in terms of variance

  6. if the results are significant we run post-hoc comparisons to identify what the differences noted by the one-way ANOVA are

4
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why is it not recommended to run multiple t-tests to compare multiple groups? 1 pt

because doing so increases the risk of type 1 error (false positives)

5
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what are post hoc comparisons? 1 pt

a statistical test conducted after the main analysis IF a significant effect was found and is done to identify exactly which groups differ from each other

6
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types of ANOVA: repeated measures? 5 pts

  1. used to compare three or more measurements of the same variable within the same subject

  2. all subjects go through the same experimental conditions several times (aka within-subject factor)

  3. uses f statistic: systematic variation/error variation

  4. large f means there is evidence against the null hypothesis while a small f means there is little evidence against the null hypothesis

  5. variability of the differences between all pairs of conditions should be approximately equal

7
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within-subject factor vs between-subject factor? 2 pts

  1. within-subject factor- all subjects go through the same experimental condition several times

  2. between-subject factor- different subjects go through different experimental conditions