Zoology Lecture Revision: Identifying Models, Tissues, and Organelles

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering cellular biology, histology (epithelial and connective tissues), organelles, and organ system functions based on lecture notes.

Neuron

A nerve cell that functions to conduct impulses.

Methyl (methylene) blue

The stain used to prepare animal cell slides, such as cheek squamous cells.

Iodine or Safranin

Stains used to prepare onion (plant cell) slides.

Neuroglia cell

A type of cell in nervous tissue that provides supporting functions.

Simple Squamous Epithelium

A single layer of flat cells found in the lining of blood vessels (endothelium) and lung air sacs (alveoli); functions in diffusion, filtration, and secretion.

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

A single layer of cube-shaped cells found in kidney tubules and ducts of glands; functions in secretion and absorption.

Simple Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of tall cells that lines the digestive tract (stomach to rectum) and functions in absorption and secretion.

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

A single layer of cells of varying heights found in the trachea and bronchi; functions in secretion and the propulsion of mucus by ciliary action.

Non-keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Multiple layers of cells with living, nucleated surface cells found in the oral cavity and esophagus; protects against abrasion.

Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium

Multiple layers of cells where surface cells are dead, lack nuclei, and are filled with keratin; found in the epidermis of the skin.

Transitional Epithelium (Urothelium)

A special type of stratified epithelium in the urinary bladder and ureters where cells change shape (cuboidal to squamous) when stretched.

Ribosome

An organelle responsible for protein synthesis.

Mitochondrion

An organelle referred to for its role in ATP production.

Skeletal Muscle

A type of muscle tissue characterized by long, multinucleated, and striated cells.

Cardiac Muscle

A type of muscle tissue characterized by branched cells with a central nucleus.

Smooth Muscle

A type of muscle tissue characterized by fusiform cells with a central nucleus.

Pancreas

An organ that secretes insulin and digestive enzymes.

Areolar Connective Tissue

A type of connective tissue most commonly found under the skin and epithelium.

Anaphase

The phase of cell division preceding telophase; specifically, Anaphase I or II in meiosis yields 4 haploid cells.

Magnification Power Calculation

Determined by multiplying the ocular lens power by the objective lens power (e.g., $10\times \times 40\times = 400\times$).

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Typically two layers of cuboidal cells found in the ducts of sweat, mammary, and salivary glands.