Urinary Health and Clinical Interventions

Flashcards covering urinary disorders, kidney function tests, types of catheters, urinary diversions, and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

Normal residual urine amount

The amount of urine left in the bladder after urinating, typically measuring between $50-100\text{ m}^2$.

Nocturia

A condition where a person wakes up often at night to urinate; it may indicate heart failure, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, UTI, enlarged prostate, or kidney disease.

Urinary incontinence

The inability to control the passage of urine.

Stress incontinence

Incontinence caused by abdominal pressure.

Urge incontinence

Incontinence occurring when a person is unable to make it to the bathroom in time.

Mixed incontinence

A combination of both stress incontinence and urge incontinence.

Functional incontinence

Incontinence occurring when a person cannot make it to the bathroom.

Neuropathic incontinence

Incontinence that occurs when the nerves controlling the bladder or surrounding structures do not send a message to the brain that the bladder is full.

Kegel exercises

Calculated movements used to strengthen and tone pelvic floor muscles to help manage incontinence.

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

A waste product from the breakdown of protein by the body with a normal range of $8-21\text{ mg/dl}$ in adults.

Creatinine (Male range)

A waste product excreted by the kidneys with an adult male range of $0.6-1.21\text{ mg/dl}$.

Creatinine (Female range)

A waste product excreted by the kidneys with an adult female range of $0.5-1.11\text{ mg/dl}$.

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR)

A measure of kidney function where less than $60\text{ ml/min}$ indicates mild to moderate loss of function and less than $15\text{ ml/min}$ indicates renal failure.

Straight Catheter

Also known as a Single-lumen Catheter, it is used for one-time drainage or to obtain a sterile urine specimen.

Indwelling Catheter

Also known as a double lumen or foley catheter; it remains in the bladder and uses a balloon inflated with $5-30\text{ mL}$ of sterile water to stay in place.

3-Way Catheter

A triple-lumen catheter used after transurethral resection of the prostate; it features a $30-60\text{ mL}$ balloon and a lumen for continuous sterile fluid instillation.

Coudé Catheter

A catheter with a curved tip specifically designed to accommodate and pass through an enlarged prostate.

Suprapubic Catheter

A catheter placed through a small incision above the pubic bone and into the bladder, typically after trauma or when indwelling catheters are not possible.

Condom Catheter

Also known as a Texas Catheter, used for males who are incontinent to avoid infection risks associated with indwelling catheters.

French (fr)

The measurement unit used to gauge the outer diameter of a catheter; larger numbers indicate larger diameters.

Urometer

A device attached to a urine drainage bag used to measure very small amounts of urine.

Urinary diversion

An alternative route for urine elimination used when the bladder is removed or damaged due to injury, cancer, or congenital defects.

Ileal Conduit

A urinary diversion where ureters are attached to a section of the small intestine to create a pouch and a stoma for continuous drainage.

Continent urostomy

A surgically created pouch from the small or large intestines where ureters are diverted to empty.

Orthotopic bladder substitution

A substitute bladder created from the intestine, connected to the urethra, allowing the patient to feel a different sense when needing to urinate.

Cystitis

An infection of the urinary bladder.

Pyelonephritis

An infection of the kidney that may cause renal scarring and loss of kidney function.

Dysuria

A symptom of a UTI characterized by painful or difficult urination.