Exam 3 Study Guide Part 1

axial skeleton

skull and its markings, vertebra, ribs; upper central axis

appendicular skeleton

limb bones, bones that help hook axial skeleton; think appendage and related bones

suture

type of joint in which cranial bones are connected by a dense regular connective tissue membrane; markings that are only found on the skull; wavy lines that form a joint between skull bones

process

bony protrusions that act as attachment points for muscles and tendons, or as connection sites to form joints with other bones

condyle

smooth process that forms a joint; projection or process that juts out of a bone and is smooth

epicondyle

a prominent , rounded bony bump located on or just above a condyle; primary function is to serve as a critical anchor point where muscles attach to bone or another bone.

tubercle

small, knobby raised area on a bone, typically serve as anchor points for muscles, tendons, or ligaments

tuberosity

large, rounded projection that is often rough

facet

any small, smooth, flat surface on a bone or hard tissue, typically connect directly with another bone forming a joint

fossa

broad, shallow depression or hollow, typically located on the surface of the bone

foramen

hole through a bone where blood vessels or nerves travel

canal

hollow, tubular passage, tunnel, or channel that conveys fluids, nerves, blood vessels, or other structures through different regions of the body

trochanter

one of two large, bony prominences at the top of the femur (thigh bone) that serve as crucial attachment points for the major muscles of the hip and thigh

spine

a sharp, slender, and often pointed projection on a bone; act as crucial attachment points for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

superior (anatomical position)

towards the head

inferior (anatomical position)

towards the feet

anterior (ventral)(anatomical position)

towards the front of the body

posterior (dorsal) (anatomical position)

towards the back of the body

medial (anatomical position)

towards the midline of the body

lateral (anatomical position)

away from the midline

proximal (anatomical position)

closest to attachment to the body/trunk

distal

farther from attachment to body/trunk

frontal (skull bone)

Frontal

parietal (skull bone)

Parietal

occipital (skull bone)

Occipital

Occipital

temporal (skull bone)

Temporal

Temporal

Occipital

Frontal

zygomatic (skull bone)

Zygomatic

Zygomatic

Zygomatic

sphenoid (skull bone)

Sphenoid

Sphenoid

Sphenoid

Sphenoid

ethmoid (skull bone)

Ethmoid

vomer (skull bone)

inferior nasal concha (skull bone)

lacrimal (skull bone)

Lacrimal

nasal (skull bone)

Nasal bone

Nasal bone

maxilla/maxillary (skull bone)

Maxilla

Maxilla

Maxilla

Maxilla

palatine (skull bone)

mandible (skull bone)

Mandible

what is a sinus

a hollow space in a skull bone where air goes through

the paranasal sinuses drain into which cavity

Back of nasal cavity and then into the back of the throat

frontal sinuses (front side where the nose frame of glasses sit)

maxillary sinuses (biggest one; in the cheeks

sphenoidal sinuses (far behind eye socket)

ethmoidal sinuses (little sinuses on each side of the nose and eye socket)

what is a fontanel

part of the fetal skull; connective tissue between fetal skull bones that allow for flexibility of baby’s skull for delivery and brain growth; will close up and form sutures

anterior fontanel

posterior fontanel

anterolateral/sphenoid fontanel

posterolateral/mastoid fontanel

coronal suture

sagittal suture

Sagittal suture

lambdoid suture

squamous suture

foramen magnum

occipital condyles

external auditory (acoustic) canal

internal auditory (acoustic) canal

mandibular fossa

Mandibular fossa

zygomatic process

mastoid process

styloid process

carotid canal/foramen

jugular foramen

greater wing

lesser wing

sella turcica

optic foramen

pterygoid process

crista galli

cribriform plate

(ethmoid)

perpendicular plate

superior nasal conchae

middle nasal conchae

Middle nasal concha